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1 <!doctype html>
2
3 <title>CodeMirror 5 User Manual</title>
4 <meta charset="utf-8"/>
5 <link rel=stylesheet href="docs.css">
6 <script src="activebookmark.js"></script>
7
8 <script src="../lib/codemirror.js"></script>
9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/codemirror.css">
10 <script src="../addon/runmode/runmode.js"></script>
11 <script src="../addon/runmode/colorize.js"></script>
12 <script src="../mode/javascript/javascript.js"></script>
13 <script src="../mode/xml/xml.js"></script>
14 <script src="../mode/css/css.js"></script>
15 <script src="../mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed.js"></script>
16 <style>
17 dt { text-indent: -2em; padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; }
18 dd { margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
19 dt {margin-top: 1em;}
20 dd dl, dd dt, dd dd, dd ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
21 dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
22 dt.command { position: relative; }
23 span.keybinding { position: absolute; right: 0; font-size: 80%; color: #555; text-indent: 0; }
24 </style>
25
26 <div id=nav>
27 <a href="https://codemirror.net/5"><h1>CodeMirror</h1><img id=logo src="logo.png"></a>
28 <ul>
29 <li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
30 <li><a href="#overview" class=active data-default="true">Manual</a></li>
31 <li><a href="https://github.com/codemirror/codemirror5">Code</a></li>
32 </ul>
33 <ul>
34 <li><a href="#usage">Basic Usage</a></li>
35 <li><a href="#config">Configuration</a></li>
36 <li><a href="#events">Events</a></li>
37 <li><a href="#keymaps">Key maps</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#commands">Commands</a></li>
39 <li><a href="#styling">Customized Styling</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#api">Programming API</a>
41 <ul>
42 <li><a href="#api_constructor">Constructor</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#api_content">Content manipulation</a></li>
44 <li><a href="#api_selection">Selection</a></li>
45 <li><a href="#api_configuration">Configuration</a></li>
46 <li><a href="#api_doc">Document management</a></li>
47 <li><a href="#api_history">History</a></li>
48 <li><a href="#api_marker">Text-marking</a></li>
49 <li><a href="#api_decoration">Widget, gutter, and decoration</a></li>
50 <li><a href="#api_sizing">Sizing, scrolling, and positioning</a></li>
51 <li><a href="#api_mode">Mode, state, and tokens</a></li>
52 <li><a href="#api_misc">Miscellaneous methods</a></li>
53 <li><a href="#api_static">Static properties</a></li>
54 </ul>
55 </li>
56 <li><a href="#addons">Addons</a></li>
57 <li><a href="#modeapi">Writing CodeMirror Modes</a></li>
58 <li><a href="#vimapi">Vim Mode API</a>
59 <ul>
60 <li><a href="#vimapi_configuration">Configuration</a></li>
61 <li><a href="#vimapi_events">Events</a></li>
62 <li><a href="#vimapi_extending">Extending VIM</a></li>
63 </ul>
64 </li>
65 </ul>
66 </div>
67
68 <article>
69
70 <section class=first id=overview>
71 <h2 style="position: relative">
72 User manual and reference guide
73 <span style="color: #888; font-size: 1rem; position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 0">version 5.65.18</span>
74 </h2>
75
76 <p>CodeMirror is a code-editor component that can be embedded in
77 Web pages. The core library provides <em>only</em> the editor
78 component, no accompanying buttons, auto-completion, or other IDE
79 functionality. It does provide a rich API on top of which such
80 functionality can be straightforwardly implemented. See
81 the <a href="#addons">addons</a> included in the distribution,
82 and <a href="https://npms.io/search?q=codemirror">3rd party
83 packages on npm</a>, for reusable implementations of extra
84 features.</p>
85
86 <p>CodeMirror works with language-specific modes. Modes are
87 JavaScript programs that help color (and optionally indent) text
88 written in a given language. The distribution comes with a number
89 of modes (see the <a href="../mode/"><code>mode/</code></a>
90 directory), and it isn't hard to <a href="#modeapi">write new
91 ones</a> for other languages.</p>
92 </section>
93
94 <section id=usage>
95 <h2>Basic Usage</h2>
96
97 <p>The easiest way to use CodeMirror is to simply load the script
98 and style sheet found under <code>lib/</code> in the distribution,
99 plus a mode script from one of the <code>mode/</code> directories.
100 For example:</p>
101
102 <pre data-lang="text/html">&lt;script src="lib/codemirror.js">&lt;/script>
103 &lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/codemirror.css">
104 &lt;script src="mode/javascript/javascript.js">&lt;/script></pre>
105
106 <p>(Alternatively, use a module loader. <a href="#modloader">More
107 about that later.</a>)</p>
108
109 <p>Having done this, an editor instance can be created like
110 this:</p>
111
112 <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(document.body);</pre>
113
114 <p>The editor will be appended to the document body, will start
115 empty, and will use the mode that we loaded. To have more control
116 over the new editor, a configuration object can be passed
117 to <a href="#CodeMirror"><code>CodeMirror</code></a> as a second
118 argument:</p>
119
120 <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(document.body, {
121 value: "function myScript(){return 100;}\n",
122 mode: "javascript"
123 });</pre>
124
125 <p>This will initialize the editor with a piece of code already in
126 it, and explicitly tell it to use the JavaScript mode (which is
127 useful when multiple modes are loaded).
128 See <a href="#config">below</a> for a full discussion of the
129 configuration options that CodeMirror accepts.</p>
130
131 <p>In cases where you don't want to append the editor to an
132 element, and need more control over the way it is inserted, the
133 first argument to the <code>CodeMirror</code> function can also
134 be a function that, when given a DOM element, inserts it into the
135 document somewhere. This could be used to, for example, replace a
136 textarea with a real editor:</p>
137
138 <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(function(elt) {
139 myTextArea.parentNode.replaceChild(elt, myTextArea);
140 }, {value: myTextArea.value});</pre>
141
142 <p>However, for this use case, which is a common way to use
143 CodeMirror, the library provides a much more powerful
144 shortcut:</p>
145
146 <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(myTextArea);</pre>
147
148 <p>This will, among other things, ensure that the textarea's value
149 is updated with the editor's contents when the form (if it is part
150 of a form) is submitted. See the <a href="#fromTextArea">API
151 reference</a> for a full description of this method.</p>
152
153 <h3 id=modloader>Module loaders</h3>
154
155 <p>The files in the CodeMirror distribution contain shims for
156 loading them (and their dependencies) in AMD or CommonJS
157 environments. If the variables <code>exports</code>
158 and <code>module</code> exist and have type object, CommonJS-style
159 require will be used. If not, but there is a
160 function <code>define</code> with an <code>amd</code> property
161 present, AMD-style (RequireJS) will be used.</p>
162
163 <p>It is possible to
164 use <a href="http://browserify.org/">Browserify</a> or similar
165 tools to statically build modules using CodeMirror. Alternatively,
166 use <a href="http://requirejs.org/">RequireJS</a> to dynamically
167 load dependencies at runtime. Both of these approaches have the
168 advantage that they don't use the global namespace and can, thus,
169 do things like load multiple versions of CodeMirror alongside each
170 other.</p>
171
172 <p>Here's a simple example of using RequireJS to load CodeMirror:</p>
173
174 <pre data-lang="javascript">require([
175 "cm/lib/codemirror", "cm/mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed"
176 ], function(CodeMirror) {
177 CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("code"), {
178 lineNumbers: true,
179 mode: "htmlmixed"
180 });
181 });</pre>
182
183 <p>It will automatically load the modes that the mixed HTML mode
184 depends on (XML, JavaScript, and CSS). Do <em>not</em> use
185 RequireJS' <code>paths</code> option to configure the path to
186 CodeMirror, since it will break loading submodules through
187 relative paths. Use
188 the <a href="http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#packages"><code>packages</code></a>
189 configuration option instead, as in:</p>
190
191 <pre data-lang=javascript>require.config({
192 packages: [{
193 name: "codemirror",
194 location: "../path/to/codemirror",
195 main: "lib/codemirror"
196 }]
197 });</pre>
198
199 </section>
200
201 <section id=config>
202 <h2>Configuration</h2>
203
204 <p>Both the <a href="#CodeMirror"><code>CodeMirror</code></a>
205 function and its <code>fromTextArea</code> method take as second
206 (optional) argument an object containing configuration options.
207 Any option not supplied like this will be taken
208 from <a href="#defaults"><code>CodeMirror.defaults</code></a>, an
209 object containing the default options. You can update this object
210 to change the defaults on your page.</p>
211
212 <p>Options are not checked in any way, so setting bogus option
213 values is bound to lead to odd errors.</p>
214
215 <p>These are the supported options:</p>
216
217 <dl>
218 <dt id="option_value"><code><strong>value</strong>: string|CodeMirror.Doc</code></dt>
219 <dd>The starting value of the editor. Can be a string, or
220 a <a href="#api_doc">document object</a>.</dd>
221
222 <dt id="option_mode"><code><strong>mode</strong>: string|object</code></dt>
223 <dd>The mode to use. When not given, this will default to the
224 first mode that was loaded. It may be a string, which either
225 simply names the mode or is
226 a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME">MIME</a> type
227 associated with the mode. The value <code>"null"</code>
228 indicates no highlighting should be applied. Alternatively, it
229 may be an object containing configuration options for the mode,
230 with a <code>name</code> property that names the mode (for
231 example <code>{name: "javascript", json: true}</code>). The demo
232 pages for each mode contain information about what configuration
233 parameters the mode supports. You can ask CodeMirror which modes
234 and MIME types have been defined by inspecting
235 the <code>CodeMirror.modes</code>
236 and <code>CodeMirror.mimeModes</code> objects. The first maps
237 mode names to their constructors, and the second maps MIME types
238 to mode specs.</dd>
239
240 <dt id="option_lineSeparator"><code><strong>lineSeparator</strong>: string|null</code></dt>
241 <dd>Explicitly set the line separator for the editor. By default
242 (value <code>null</code>), the document will be split on CRLFs
243 as well as lone CRs and LFs, and a single LF will be used as
244 line separator in all output (such
245 as <a href="#getValue"><code>getValue</code></a>). When a
246 specific string is given, lines will only be split on that
247 string, and output will, by default, use that same
248 separator.</dd>
249
250 <dt id="option_theme"><code><strong>theme</strong>: string</code></dt>
251 <dd>The theme to style the editor with. You must make sure the
252 CSS file defining the corresponding <code>.cm-s-[name]</code>
253 styles is loaded (see
254 the <a href="../theme/"><code>theme</code></a> directory in the
255 distribution). The default is <code>"default"</code>, for which
256 colors are included in <code>codemirror.css</code>. It is
257 possible to use multiple theming classes at once—for
258 example <code>"foo bar"</code> will assign both
259 the <code>cm-s-foo</code> and the <code>cm-s-bar</code> classes
260 to the editor.</dd>
261
262 <dt id="option_indentUnit"><code><strong>indentUnit</strong>: integer</code></dt>
263 <dd>How many spaces a block (whatever that means in the edited
264 language) should be indented. The default is 2.</dd>
265
266 <dt id="option_smartIndent"><code><strong>smartIndent</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
267 <dd>Whether to use the context-sensitive indentation that the
268 mode provides (or just indent the same as the line before).
269 Defaults to true.</dd>
270
271 <dt id="option_tabSize"><code><strong>tabSize</strong>: integer</code></dt>
272 <dd>The width of a tab character. Defaults to 4.</dd>
273
274 <dt id="option_indentWithTabs"><code><strong>indentWithTabs</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
275 <dd>Whether, when indenting, the first N*<code>tabSize</code>
276 spaces should be replaced by N tabs. Default is false.</dd>
277
278 <dt id="option_electricChars"><code><strong>electricChars</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
279 <dd>Configures whether the editor should re-indent the current
280 line when a character is typed that might change its proper
281 indentation (only works if the mode supports indentation).
282 Default is true.</dd>
283
284 <dt id="option_specialChars"><code><strong>specialChars</strong>: RegExp</code></dt>
285 <dd>A regular expression used to determine which characters
286 should be replaced by a
287 special <a href="#option_specialCharPlaceholder">placeholder</a>.
288 Mostly useful for non-printing special characters. The default
289 is <code>/[\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f\u00ad\u061c\u200b\u200e\u200f\u2028\u2029\u202d\u202e\u2066\u2067\u2069\ufeff\ufff9-\ufffc]/</code>.</dd>
290 <dt id="option_specialCharPlaceholder"><code><strong>specialCharPlaceholder</strong>: function(char) → Element</code></dt>
291 <dd>A function that, given a special character identified by
292 the <a href="#option_specialChars"><code>specialChars</code></a>
293 option, produces a DOM node that is used to represent the
294 character. By default, a red dot (<span style="color: red">•</span>)
295 is shown, with a title tooltip to indicate the character code.</dd>
296
297 <dt id="option_direction"><code><strong>direction</strong>: "ltr" | "rtl"</code></dt>
298 <dd>Flips overall layout and selects base paragraph direction to
299 be left-to-right or right-to-left. Default is "ltr".
300 CodeMirror applies the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm to each
301 line, but does not autodetect base direction — it's set to the
302 editor direction for all lines. The resulting order is
303 sometimes wrong when base direction doesn't match user intent
304 (for example, leading and trailing punctuation jumps to the
305 wrong side of the line). Therefore, it's helpful for
306 multilingual input to let users toggle this option.
307
308 <dt id="option_rtlMoveVisually"><code><strong>rtlMoveVisually</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
309 <dd>Determines whether horizontal cursor movement through
310 right-to-left (Arabic, Hebrew) text is visual (pressing the left
311 arrow moves the cursor left) or logical (pressing the left arrow
312 moves to the next lower index in the string, which is visually
313 right in right-to-left text). The default is <code>false</code>
314 on Windows, and <code>true</code> on other platforms.</dd>
315
316 <dt id="option_keyMap"><code><strong>keyMap</strong>: string</code></dt>
317 <dd>Configures the key map to use. The default
318 is <code>"default"</code>, which is the only key map defined
319 in <code>codemirror.js</code> itself. Extra key maps are found in
320 the <a href="../keymap/"><code>key map</code></a> directory. See
321 the <a href="#keymaps">section on key maps</a> for more
322 information.</dd>
323
324 <dt id="option_extraKeys"><code><strong>extraKeys</strong>: object</code></dt>
325 <dd>Can be used to specify extra key bindings for the editor,
326 alongside the ones defined
327 by <a href="#option_keyMap"><code>keyMap</code></a>. Should be
328 either null, or a valid <a href="#keymaps">key map</a> value.</dd>
329
330 <dt id="option_configureMouse"><code><strong>configureMouse</strong>: fn(cm: CodeMirror, repeat: "single" | "double" | "triple", event: Event) → Object</code></dt>
331 <dd>Allows you to configure the behavior of mouse selection and
332 dragging. The function is called when the left mouse button is
333 pressed. The returned object may have the following properties:
334 <dl>
335 <dt><code><strong>unit</strong>: "char" | "word" | "line" | "rectangle" | fn(CodeMirror, Pos) → {from: Pos, to: Pos}</code></dt>
336 <dd>The unit by which to select. May be one of the built-in
337 units or a function that takes a position and returns a
338 range around that, for a custom unit. The default is to
339 return <code>"word"</code> for double
340 clicks, <code>"line"</code> for triple
341 clicks, <code>"rectangle"</code> for alt-clicks (or, on
342 Chrome OS, meta-shift-clicks), and <code>"single"</code>
343 otherwise.</dd>
344 <dt><code><strong>extend</strong>: bool</code></dt>
345 <dd>Whether to extend the existing selection range or start
346 a new one. By default, this is enabled when shift
347 clicking.</dd>
348 <dt><code><strong>addNew</strong>: bool</code></dt>
349 <dd>When enabled, this adds a new range to the existing
350 selection, rather than replacing it. The default behavior is
351 to enable this for command-click on Mac OS, and
352 control-click on other platforms.</dd>
353 <dt><code><strong>moveOnDrag</strong>: bool</code></dt>
354 <dd>When the mouse even drags content around inside the
355 editor, this controls whether it is copied (false) or moved
356 (true). By default, this is enabled by alt-clicking on Mac
357 OS, and ctrl-clicking elsewhere.</dd>
358 </dl>
359 </dd>
360
361 <dt id="option_lineWrapping"><code><strong>lineWrapping</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
362 <dd>Whether CodeMirror should scroll or wrap for long lines.
363 Defaults to <code>false</code> (scroll).</dd>
364
365 <dt id="option_lineNumbers"><code><strong>lineNumbers</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
366 <dd>Whether to show line numbers to the left of the editor.</dd>
367
368 <dt id="option_firstLineNumber"><code><strong>firstLineNumber</strong>: integer</code></dt>
369 <dd>At which number to start counting lines. Default is 1.</dd>
370
371 <dt id="option_lineNumberFormatter"><code><strong>lineNumberFormatter</strong>: function(line: integer) → string</code></dt>
372 <dd>A function used to format line numbers. The function is
373 passed the line number, and should return a string that will be
374 shown in the gutter.</dd>
375
376 <dt id="option_gutters"><code><strong>gutters</strong>: array&lt;string | {className: string, style: ?string}&gt;</code></dt>
377 <dd>Can be used to add extra gutters (beyond or instead of the
378 line number gutter). Should be an array of CSS class names or
379 class name / CSS string pairs, each of which defines
380 a <code>width</code> (and optionally a background), and which
381 will be used to draw the background of the gutters. <em>May</em>
382 include the <code>CodeMirror-linenumbers</code> class, in order
383 to explicitly set the position of the line number gutter (it
384 will default to be to the right of all other gutters). These
385 class names are the keys passed
386 to <a href="#setGutterMarker"><code>setGutterMarker</code></a>.</dd>
387
388 <dt id="option_fixedGutter"><code><strong>fixedGutter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
389 <dd>Determines whether the gutter scrolls along with the content
390 horizontally (false) or whether it stays fixed during horizontal
391 scrolling (true, the default).</dd>
392
393 <dt id="option_scrollbarStyle"><code><strong>scrollbarStyle</strong>: string</code></dt>
394 <dd>Chooses a scrollbar implementation. The default
395 is <code>"native"</code>, showing native scrollbars. The core
396 library also provides the <code>"null"</code> style, which
397 completely hides the
398 scrollbars. <a href="#addon_simplescrollbars">Addons</a> can
399 implement additional scrollbar models.</dd>
400
401 <dt id="option_coverGutterNextToScrollbar"><code><strong>coverGutterNextToScrollbar</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
402 <dd>When <a href="#option_fixedGutter"><code>fixedGutter</code></a>
403 is on, and there is a horizontal scrollbar, by default the
404 gutter will be visible to the left of this scrollbar. If this
405 option is set to true, it will be covered by an element with
406 class <code>CodeMirror-gutter-filler</code>.</dd>
407
408 <dt id="option_inputStyle"><code><strong>inputStyle</strong>: string</code></dt>
409 <dd>Selects the way CodeMirror handles input and focus. The core
410 library defines the <code>"textarea"</code>
411 and <code>"contenteditable"</code> input models. On mobile
412 browsers, the default is <code>"contenteditable"</code>. On
413 desktop browsers, the default is <code>"textarea"</code>.
414 Support for IME and screen readers is better in
415 the <code>"contenteditable"</code> model. The intention is to
416 make it the default on modern desktop browsers in the
417 future.</dd>
418
419 <dt id="option_readOnly"><code><strong>readOnly</strong>: boolean|string</code></dt>
420 <dd>This disables editing of the editor content by the user. If
421 the special value <code>"nocursor"</code> is given (instead of
422 simply <code>true</code>), focusing of the editor is also
423 disallowed.</dd>
424
425 <dt id="option_screenReaderLabel"><code><strong>screenReaderLabel</strong>: string</code></dt>
426 <dd>This label is read by the screenreaders when CodeMirror text area is focused. This
427 is helpful for accessibility.</dd>
428
429 <dt id="option_showCursorWhenSelecting"><code><strong>showCursorWhenSelecting</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
430 <dd>Whether the cursor should be drawn when a selection is
431 active. Defaults to false.</dd>
432
433 <dt id="option_lineWiseCopyCut"><code><strong>lineWiseCopyCut</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
434 <dd>When enabled, which is the default, doing copy or cut when
435 there is no selection will copy or cut the whole lines that have
436 cursors on them.</dd>
437
438 <dt id="option_pasteLinesPerSelection"><code><strong>pasteLinesPerSelection</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
439 <dd>When pasting something from an external source (not from the
440 editor itself), if the number of lines matches the number of
441 selection, CodeMirror will by default insert one line per
442 selection. You can set this to <code>false</code> to disable
443 that behavior.</dd>
444
445 <dt id="option_selectionsMayTouch"><code><strong>selectionsMayTouch</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
446 <dd>Determines whether multiple selections are joined as soon as
447 they touch (the default) or only when they overlap (true).</dd>
448
449 <dt id="option_undoDepth"><code><strong>undoDepth</strong>: integer</code></dt>
450 <dd>The maximum number of undo levels that the editor stores.
451 Note that this includes selection change events. Defaults to
452 200.</dd>
453
454 <dt id="option_historyEventDelay"><code><strong>historyEventDelay</strong>: integer</code></dt>
455 <dd>The period of inactivity (in milliseconds) that will cause a
456 new history event to be started when typing or deleting.
457 Defaults to 1250.</dd>
458
459 <dt id="option_tabindex"><code><strong>tabindex</strong>: integer</code></dt>
460 <dd>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">tab
461 index</a> to assign to the editor. If not given, no tab index
462 will be assigned.</dd>
463
464 <dt id="option_autofocus"><code><strong>autofocus</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
465 <dd>Can be used to make CodeMirror focus itself on
466 initialization. Defaults to off.
467 When <a href="#fromTextArea"><code>fromTextArea</code></a> is
468 used, and no explicit value is given for this option, it will be
469 set to true when either the source textarea is focused, or it
470 has an <code>autofocus</code> attribute and no other element is
471 focused.</dd>
472
473 <dt id="option_phrases"><code><strong>phrases</strong>: ?object</code></dt>
474 <dd>Some addons run user-visible strings (such as labels in the
475 interface) through the <a href="#phrase"><code>phrase</code></a>
476 method to allow for translation. This option determines the
477 return value of that method. When it is null or an object that
478 doesn't have a property named by the input string, that string
479 is returned. Otherwise, the value of the property corresponding
480 to that string is returned.</dd>
481 </dl>
482
483 <p>Below this a few more specialized, low-level options are
484 listed. These are only useful in very specific situations, you
485 might want to skip them the first time you read this manual.</p>
486
487 <dl>
488 <dt id="option_dragDrop"><code><strong>dragDrop</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
489 <dd>Controls whether drag-and-drop is enabled. On by default.</dd>
490
491 <dt id="option_allowDropFileTypes"><code><strong>allowDropFileTypes</strong>: array&lt;string&gt;</code></dt>
492 <dd>When set (default is <code>null</code>) only files whose
493 type is in the array can be dropped into the editor. The strings
494 should be MIME types, and will be checked against
495 the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/FileAPI/#dfn-type"><code>type</code></a>
496 of the <code>File</code> object as reported by the browser.</dd>
497
498 <dt id="option_cursorBlinkRate"><code><strong>cursorBlinkRate</strong>: number</code></dt>
499 <dd>Half-period in milliseconds used for cursor blinking. The default blink
500 rate is 530ms. By setting this to zero, blinking can be disabled. A
501 negative value hides the cursor entirely.</dd>
502
503 <dt id="option_cursorScrollMargin"><code><strong>cursorScrollMargin</strong>: number</code></dt>
504 <dd>How much extra space to always keep above and below the
505 cursor when approaching the top or bottom of the visible view in
506 a scrollable document. Default is 0.</dd>
507
508 <dt id="option_cursorHeight"><code><strong>cursorHeight</strong>: number</code></dt>
509 <dd>Determines the height of the cursor. Default is 1, meaning
510 it spans the whole height of the line. For some fonts (and by
511 some tastes) a smaller height (for example <code>0.85</code>),
512 which causes the cursor to not reach all the way to the bottom
513 of the line, looks better</dd>
514
515 <dt id="option_singleCursorHeightPerLine"><code><strong>singleCursorHeightPerLine</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
516 <dd>If set to <code>true</code> (the default), will keep the
517 cursor height constant for an entire line (or wrapped part of a
518 line). When <code>false</code>, the cursor's height is based on
519 the height of the adjacent reference character.</dd>
520
521 <dt id="option_resetSelectionOnContextMenu"><code><strong>resetSelectionOnContextMenu</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
522 <dd>Controls whether, when the context menu is opened with a
523 click outside of the current selection, the cursor is moved to
524 the point of the click. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</dd>
525
526 <dt id="option_workTime"><code id="option_wordkDelay"><strong>workTime</strong>, <strong>workDelay</strong>: number</code></dt>
527 <dd>Highlighting is done by a pseudo background-thread that will
528 work for <code>workTime</code> milliseconds, and then use
529 timeout to sleep for <code>workDelay</code> milliseconds. The
530 defaults are 200 and 300, you can change these options to make
531 the highlighting more or less aggressive.</dd>
532
533 <dt id="option_pollInterval"><code><strong>pollInterval</strong>: number</code></dt>
534 <dd>Indicates how quickly CodeMirror should poll its input
535 textarea for changes (when focused). Most input is captured by
536 events, but some things, like IME input on some browsers, don't
537 generate events that allow CodeMirror to properly detect it.
538 Thus, it polls. Default is 100 milliseconds.</dd>
539
540 <dt id="option_flattenSpans"><code><strong>flattenSpans</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
541 <dd>By default, CodeMirror will combine adjacent tokens into a
542 single span if they have the same class. This will result in a
543 simpler DOM tree, and thus perform better. With some kinds of
544 styling (such as rounded corners), this will change the way the
545 document looks. You can set this option to false to disable this
546 behavior.</dd>
547
548 <dt id="option_addModeClass"><code><strong>addModeClass</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
549 <dd>When enabled (off by default), an extra CSS class will be
550 added to each token, indicating the
551 (<a href="#innerMode">inner</a>) mode that produced it, prefixed
552 with <code>"cm-m-"</code>. For example, tokens from the XML mode
553 will get the <code>cm-m-xml</code> class.</dd>
554
555 <dt id="option_maxHighlightLength"><code><strong>maxHighlightLength</strong>: number</code></dt>
556 <dd>When highlighting long lines, in order to stay responsive,
557 the editor will give up and simply style the rest of the line as
558 plain text when it reaches a certain position. The default is
559 10 000. You can set this to <code>Infinity</code> to turn off
560 this behavior.</dd>
561
562 <dt id="option_viewportMargin"><code><strong>viewportMargin</strong>: integer</code></dt>
563 <dd>Specifies the amount of lines that are rendered above and
564 below the part of the document that's currently scrolled into
565 view. This affects the amount of updates needed when scrolling,
566 and the amount of work that such an update does. You should
567 usually leave it at its default, 10. Can be set
568 to <code>Infinity</code> to make sure the whole document is
569 always rendered, and thus the browser's text search works on it.
570 This <em>will</em> have bad effects on performance of big
571 documents.</dd>
572
573 <dt id="option_spellcheck"><code><strong>spellcheck</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
574 <dd>Specifies whether or not spellcheck will be enabled on the input.</dd>
575
576 <dt id="option_autocorrect"><code><strong>autocorrect</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
577 <dd>Specifies whether or not autocorrect will be enabled on the input.</dd>
578
579 <dt id="option_autocapitalize"><code><strong>autocapitalize</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
580 <dd>Specifies whether or not autocapitalization will be enabled on the input.</dd>
581 </dl>
582 </section>
583
584 <section id=events>
585 <h2>Events</h2>
586
587 <p>Various CodeMirror-related objects emit events, which allow
588 client code to react to various situations. Handlers for such
589 events can be registered with the <a href="#on"><code>on</code></a>
590 and <a href="#off"><code>off</code></a> methods on the objects
591 that the event fires on. To fire your own events,
592 use <code>CodeMirror.signal(target, name, args...)</code>,
593 where <code>target</code> is a non-DOM-node object.</p>
594
595 <p>An editor instance fires the following events.
596 The <code>instance</code> argument always refers to the editor
597 itself.</p>
598
599 <dl>
600 <dt id="event_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
601 <dd>Fires every time the content of the editor is changed.
602 The <code>changeObj</code> is a <code>{from, to, text, removed,
603 origin}</code> object containing information about the changes
604 that occurred as second argument. <code>from</code>
605 and <code>to</code> are the positions (in the pre-change
606 coordinate system) where the change started and ended (for
607 example, it might be <code>{ch:0, line:18}</code> if the
608 position is at the beginning of line #19). <code>text</code> is
609 an array of strings representing the text that replaced the
610 changed range (split by line). <code>removed</code> is the text
611 that used to be between <code>from</code> and <code>to</code>,
612 which is overwritten by this change. This event is
613 fired <em>before</em> the end of
614 an <a href="#operation">operation</a>, before the DOM updates
615 happen.</dd>
616
617 <dt id="event_changes"><code><strong>"changes"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changes: array&lt;object&gt;)</code></dt>
618 <dd>Like the <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code></a>
619 event, but batched per <a href="#operation">operation</a>,
620 passing an array containing all the changes that happened in the
621 operation. This event is fired after the operation finished, and
622 display changes it makes will trigger a new operation.</dd>
623
624 <dt id="event_beforeChange"><code><strong>"beforeChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
625 <dd>This event is fired before a change is applied, and its
626 handler may choose to modify or cancel the change.
627 The <code>changeObj</code> object
628 has <code>from</code>, <code>to</code>, and <code>text</code>
629 properties, as with
630 the <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code></a> event. It
631 also has a <code>cancel()</code> method, which can be called to
632 cancel the change, and, <strong>if</strong> the change isn't
633 coming from an undo or redo event, an <code>update(from, to,
634 text)</code> method, which may be used to modify the change.
635 Undo or redo changes can't be modified, because they hold some
636 metainformation for restoring old marked ranges that is only
637 valid for that specific change. All three arguments
638 to <code>update</code> are optional, and can be left off to
639 leave the existing value for that field
640 intact. <strong>Note:</strong> you may not do anything from
641 a <code>"beforeChange"</code> handler that would cause changes
642 to the document or its visualization. Doing so will, since this
643 handler is called directly from the bowels of the CodeMirror
644 implementation, probably cause the editor to become
645 corrupted.</dd>
646
647 <dt id="event_cursorActivity"><code><strong>"cursorActivity"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
648 <dd>Will be fired when the cursor or selection moves, or any
649 change is made to the editor content.</dd>
650
651 <dt id="event_keyHandled"><code><strong>"keyHandled"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, name: string, event: Event)</code></dt>
652 <dd>Fired after a key is handled through a
653 key map. <code>name</code> is the name of the handled key (for
654 example <code>"Ctrl-X"</code> or <code>"'q'"</code>),
655 and <code>event</code> is the DOM <code>keydown</code>
656 or <code>keypress</code> event.</dd>
657
658 <dt id="event_inputRead"><code><strong>"inputRead"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
659 <dd>Fired whenever new input is read from the hidden textarea
660 (typed or pasted by the user).</dd>
661
662 <dt id="event_electricInput"><code><strong>"electricInput"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: integer)</code></dt>
663 <dd>Fired if text input matched the
664 mode's <a href="#option_electricChars">electric</a> patterns,
665 and this caused the line's indentation to change.</dd>
666
667 <dt id="event_beforeSelectionChange"><code><strong>"beforeSelectionChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, obj: {ranges, origin, update})</code></dt>
668 <dd>This event is fired before the selection is moved. Its
669 handler may inspect the set of selection ranges, present as an
670 array of <code>{anchor, head}</code> objects in
671 the <code>ranges</code> property of the <code>obj</code>
672 argument, and optionally change them by calling
673 the <code>update</code> method on this object, passing an array
674 of ranges in the same format. The object also contains
675 an <code>origin</code> property holding the origin string passed
676 to the selection-changing method, if any. Handlers for this
677 event have the same restriction
678 as <a href="#event_beforeChange"><code>"beforeChange"</code></a>
679 handlers — they should not do anything to directly update the
680 state of the editor.</dd>
681
682 <dt id="event_viewportChange"><code><strong>"viewportChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, from: number, to: number)</code></dt>
683 <dd>Fires whenever the <a href="#getViewport">view port</a> of
684 the editor changes (due to scrolling, editing, or any other
685 factor). The <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> arguments
686 give the new start and end of the viewport.</dd>
687
688 <dt id="event_swapDoc"><code><strong>"swapDoc"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, oldDoc: Doc)</code></dt>
689 <dd>This is signalled when the editor's document is replaced
690 using the <a href="#swapDoc"><code>swapDoc</code></a>
691 method.</dd>
692
693 <dt id="event_gutterClick"><code><strong>"gutterClick"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: integer, gutter: string, clickEvent: Event)</code></dt>
694 <dd>Fires when the editor gutter (the line-number area) is
695 clicked. Will pass the editor instance as first argument, the
696 (zero-based) number of the line that was clicked as second
697 argument, the CSS class of the gutter that was clicked as third
698 argument, and the raw <code>mousedown</code> event object as
699 fourth argument.</dd>
700
701 <dt id="event_gutterContextMenu"><code><strong>"gutterContextMenu"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: integer, gutter: string, contextMenu: Event: Event)</code></dt>
702 <dd>Fires when the editor gutter (the line-number area)
703 receives a <code>contextmenu</code> event. Will pass the editor
704 instance as first argument, the (zero-based) number of the line
705 that was clicked as second argument, the CSS class of the
706 gutter that was clicked as third argument, and the raw
707 <code>contextmenu</code> mouse event object as fourth argument.
708 You can <code>preventDefault</code> the event, to signal that
709 CodeMirror should do no further handling.</dd>
710
711 <dt id="event_focus"><code><strong>"focus"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, event: Event)</code></dt>
712 <dd>Fires whenever the editor is focused.</dd>
713
714 <dt id="event_blur"><code><strong>"blur"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, event: Event)</code></dt>
715 <dd>Fires whenever the editor is unfocused.</dd>
716
717 <dt id="event_scroll"><code><strong>"scroll"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
718 <dd>Fires when the editor is scrolled.</dd>
719
720 <dt id="event_refresh"><code><strong>"refresh"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
721 <dd>Fires when the editor is <a href="#refresh">refreshed</a>
722 or <a href="#setSize">resized</a>. Mostly useful to invalidate
723 cached values that depend on the editor or character size.</dd>
724
725 <dt id="event_optionChange"><code><strong>"optionChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, option: string)</code></dt>
726 <dd>Dispatched every time an option is changed with <a href="#setOption"><code>setOption</code></a>.</dd>
727
728 <dt id="event_scrollCursorIntoView"><code><strong>"scrollCursorIntoView"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, event: Event)</code></dt>
729 <dd>Fires when the editor tries to scroll its cursor into view.
730 Can be hooked into to take care of additional scrollable
731 containers around the editor. When the event object has
732 its <code>preventDefault</code> method called, CodeMirror will
733 not itself try to scroll the window.</dd>
734
735 <dt id="event_update"><code><strong>"update"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
736 <dd>Will be fired whenever CodeMirror updates its DOM display.</dd>
737
738 <dt id="event_renderLine"><code><strong>"renderLine"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: LineHandle, element: Element)</code></dt>
739 <dd>Fired whenever a line is (re-)rendered to the DOM. Fired
740 right after the DOM element is built, <em>before</em> it is
741 added to the document. The handler may mess with the style of
742 the resulting element, or add event handlers, but
743 should <em>not</em> try to change the state of the editor.</dd>
744
745 <dt id="event_dom"><code><strong>"mousedown"</strong>,
746 <strong>"dblclick"</strong>, <strong>"touchstart"</strong>, <strong>"contextmenu"</strong>,
747 <strong>"keydown"</strong>, <strong>"keypress"</strong>,
748 <strong>"keyup"</strong>, <strong>"cut"</strong>, <strong>"copy"</strong>, <strong>"paste"</strong>,
749 <strong>"dragstart"</strong>, <strong>"dragenter"</strong>,
750 <strong>"dragover"</strong>, <strong>"dragleave"</strong>,
751 <strong>"drop"</strong>
752 (instance: CodeMirror, event: Event)</code></dt>
753 <dd>Fired when CodeMirror is handling a DOM event of this type.
754 You can <code>preventDefault</code> the event, or give it a
755 truthy <code>codemirrorIgnore</code> property, to signal that
756 CodeMirror should do no further handling.</dd>
757 </dl>
758
759 <p>Document objects (instances
760 of <a href="#Doc"><code>CodeMirror.Doc</code></a>) emit the
761 following events:</p>
762
763 <dl>
764 <dt id="event_doc_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
765 <dd>Fired whenever a change occurs to the
766 document. <code>changeObj</code> has a similar type as the
767 object passed to the
768 editor's <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code></a>
769 event.</dd>
770
771 <dt id="event_doc_beforeChange"><code><strong>"beforeChange"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, change: object)</code></dt>
772 <dd>See the <a href="#event_beforeChange">description of the
773 same event</a> on editor instances.</dd>
774
775 <dt id="event_doc_cursorActivity"><code><strong>"cursorActivity"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc)</code></dt>
776 <dd>Fired whenever the cursor or selection in this document
777 changes.</dd>
778
779 <dt id="event_doc_beforeSelectionChange"><code><strong>"beforeSelectionChange"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, selection: {head, anchor})</code></dt>
780 <dd>Equivalent to
781 the <a href="#event_beforeSelectionChange">event by the same
782 name</a> as fired on editor instances.</dd>
783 </dl>
784
785 <p>Line handles (as returned by, for
786 example, <a href="#getLineHandle"><code>getLineHandle</code></a>)
787 support these events:</p>
788
789 <dl>
790 <dt id="event_delete"><code><strong>"delete"</strong> ()</code></dt>
791 <dd>Will be fired when the line object is deleted. A line object
792 is associated with the <em>start</em> of the line. Mostly useful
793 when you need to find out when your <a href="#setGutterMarker">gutter
794 markers</a> on a given line are removed.</dd>
795 <dt id="event_line_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (line: LineHandle, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
796 <dd>Fires when the line's text content is changed in any way
797 (but the line is not deleted outright). The <code>change</code>
798 object is similar to the one passed
799 to <a href="#event_change">change event</a> on the editor
800 object.</dd>
801 </dl>
802
803 <p>Marked range handles (<code>CodeMirror.TextMarker</code>), as returned
804 by <a href="#markText"><code>markText</code></a>
805 and <a href="#setBookmark"><code>setBookmark</code></a>, emit the
806 following events:</p>
807
808 <dl>
809 <dt id="event_beforeCursorEnter"><code><strong>"beforeCursorEnter"</strong> ()</code></dt>
810 <dd>Fired when the cursor enters the marked range. From this
811 event handler, the editor state may be inspected
812 but <em>not</em> modified, with the exception that the range on
813 which the event fires may be cleared.</dd>
814 <dt id="event_clear"><code><strong>"clear"</strong> (from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch})</code></dt>
815 <dd>Fired when the range is cleared, either through cursor
816 movement in combination
817 with <a href="#mark_clearOnEnter"><code>clearOnEnter</code></a>
818 or through a call to its <code>clear()</code> method. Will only
819 be fired once per handle. Note that deleting the range through
820 text editing does not fire this event, because an undo action
821 might bring the range back into existence. <code>from</code>
822 and <code>to</code> give the part of the document that the range
823 spanned when it was cleared.</dd>
824 <dt id="event_hide"><code><strong>"hide"</strong> ()</code></dt>
825 <dd>Fired when the last part of the marker is removed from the
826 document by editing operations.</dd>
827 <dt id="event_unhide"><code><strong>"unhide"</strong> ()</code></dt>
828 <dd>Fired when, after the marker was removed by editing, a undo
829 operation brought the marker back.</dd>
830 </dl>
831
832 <p>Line widgets (<code>CodeMirror.LineWidget</code>), returned
833 by <a href="#addLineWidget"><code>addLineWidget</code></a>, fire
834 these events:</p>
835
836 <dl>
837 <dt id="event_redraw"><code><strong>"redraw"</strong> ()</code></dt>
838 <dd>Fired whenever the editor re-adds the widget to the DOM.
839 This will happen once right after the widget is added (if it is
840 scrolled into view), and then again whenever it is scrolled out
841 of view and back in again, or when changes to the editor options
842 or the line the widget is on require the widget to be
843 redrawn.</dd>
844 </dl>
845 </section>
846
847 <section id=keymaps>
848 <h2>Key Maps</h2>
849
850 <p>Key maps are ways to associate keys and mouse buttons with
851 functionality. A key map is an object mapping strings that
852 identify the buttons to functions that implement their
853 functionality.</p>
854
855 <p>The CodeMirror distributions comes
856 with <a href="../demo/emacs.html">Emacs</a>, <a href="../demo/vim.html">Vim</a>,
857 and <a href="../demo/sublime.html">Sublime Text</a>-style keymaps.</p>
858
859 <p>Keys are identified either by name or by character.
860 The <code>CodeMirror.keyNames</code> object defines names for
861 common keys and associates them with their key codes. Examples of
862 names defined here are <code>Enter</code>, <code>F5</code>,
863 and <code>Q</code>. These can be prefixed
864 with <code>Shift-</code>, <code>Cmd-</code>, <code>Ctrl-</code>,
865 and <code>Alt-</code> to specify a modifier. So for
866 example, <code>Shift-Ctrl-Space</code> would be a valid key
867 identifier.</p>
868
869 <p>Common example: map the Tab key to insert spaces instead of a tab
870 character.</p>
871
872 <pre data-lang="javascript">
873 editor.setOption("extraKeys", {
874 Tab: function(cm) {
875 var spaces = Array(cm.getOption("indentUnit") + 1).join(" ");
876 cm.replaceSelection(spaces);
877 }
878 });</pre>
879
880 <p>Alternatively, a character can be specified directly by
881 surrounding it in single quotes, for example <code>'$'</code>
882 or <code>'q'</code>. Due to limitations in the way browsers fire
883 key events, these may not be prefixed with modifiers.</p>
884
885 <p>To bind mouse buttons, use the names `LeftClick`,
886 `MiddleClick`, and `RightClick`. These can also be prefixed with
887 modifiers, and in addition, the word `Double` or `Triple` can be
888 put before `Click` (as in `LeftDoubleClick`) to bind a double- or
889 triple-click. The function for such a binding is passed the
890 position that was clicked as second argument.</p>
891
892 <p id="normalizeKeyMap">Multi-stroke key bindings can be specified
893 by separating the key names by spaces in the property name, for
894 example <code>Ctrl-X Ctrl-V</code>. When a map contains
895 multi-stoke bindings or keys with modifiers that are not specified
896 in the default order (<code>Shift-Cmd-Ctrl-Alt</code>), you must
897 call <code>CodeMirror.normalizeKeyMap</code> on it before it can
898 be used. This function takes a keymap and modifies it to normalize
899 modifier order and properly recognize multi-stroke bindings. It
900 will return the keymap itself.</p>
901
902 <p>The <code>CodeMirror.keyMap</code> object associates key maps
903 with names. User code and key map definitions can assign extra
904 properties to this object. Anywhere where a key map is expected, a
905 string can be given, which will be looked up in this object. It
906 also contains the <code>"default"</code> key map holding the
907 default bindings.</p>
908
909 <p>The values of properties in key maps can be either functions of
910 a single argument (the CodeMirror instance), strings, or
911 <code>false</code>. Strings refer
912 to <a href="#commands">commands</a>, which are described below. If
913 the property is set to <code>false</code>, CodeMirror leaves
914 handling of the key up to the browser. A key handler function may
915 return <code>CodeMirror.Pass</code> to indicate that it has
916 decided not to handle the key, and other handlers (or the default
917 behavior) should be given a turn.</p>
918
919 <p>Keys mapped to command names that start with the
920 characters <code>"go"</code> or to functions that have a
921 truthy <code>motion</code> property (which should be used for
922 cursor-movement actions) will be fired even when an
923 extra <code>Shift</code> modifier is present (i.e. <code>"Up":
924 "goLineUp"</code> matches both up and shift-up). This is used to
925 easily implement shift-selection.</p>
926
927 <p>Key maps can defer to each other by defining
928 a <code>fallthrough</code> property. This indicates that when a
929 key is not found in the map itself, one or more other maps should
930 be searched. It can hold either a single key map or an array of
931 key maps.</p>
932
933 <p>When a key map needs to set something up when it becomes
934 active, or tear something down when deactivated, it can
935 contain <code>attach</code> and/or <code>detach</code> properties,
936 which should hold functions that take the editor instance and the
937 next or previous keymap. Note that this only works for the
938 <a href="#option_keyMap">top-level keymap</a>, not for fallthrough
939 maps or maps added
940 with <a href="#option_extraKeys"><code>extraKeys</code></a>
941 or <a href="#addKeyMap"><code>addKeyMap</code></a>.</p>
942 </section>
943
944 <section id=commands>
945 <h2>Commands</h2>
946
947 <p>Commands are parameter-less actions that can be performed on an
948 editor. Their main use is for key bindings. Commands are defined by
949 adding properties to the <code>CodeMirror.commands</code> object.
950 A number of common commands are defined by the library itself,
951 most of them used by the default key bindings. The value of a
952 command property must be a function of one argument (an editor
953 instance).</p>
954
955 <p>Some of the commands below are referenced in the default
956 key map, but not defined by the core library. These are intended to
957 be defined by user code or addons.</p>
958
959 <p>Commands can also be run with
960 the <a href="#execCommand"><code>execCommand</code></a>
961 method.</p>
962
963 <dl>
964 <dt class=command id=command_selectAll><code><strong>selectAll</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-A (PC), Cmd-A (Mac)</span></dt>
965 <dd>Select the whole content of the editor.</dd>
966
967 <dt class=command id=command_singleSelection><code><strong>singleSelection</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Esc</span></dt>
968 <dd>When multiple selections are present, this deselects all but
969 the primary selection.</dd>
970
971 <dt class=command id=command_killLine><code><strong>killLine</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-K (Mac)</span></dt>
972 <dd>Emacs-style line killing. Deletes the part of the line after
973 the cursor. If that consists only of whitespace, the newline at
974 the end of the line is also deleted.</dd>
975
976 <dt class=command id=command_deleteLine><code><strong>deleteLine</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-D (PC), Cmd-D (Mac)</span></dt>
977 <dd>Deletes the whole line under the cursor, including newline at the end.</dd>
978
979 <dt class=command id=command_delLineLeft><code><strong>delLineLeft</strong></code></dt>
980 <dd>Delete the part of the line before the cursor.</dd>
981
982 <dt class=command id=command_delWrappedLineLeft><code><strong>delWrappedLineLeft</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Cmd-Backspace (Mac)</span></dt>
983 <dd>Delete the part of the line from the left side of the visual line the cursor is on to the cursor.</dd>
984
985 <dt class=command id=command_delWrappedLineRight><code><strong>delWrappedLineRight</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Cmd-Delete (Mac)</span></dt>
986 <dd>Delete the part of the line from the cursor to the right side of the visual line the cursor is on.</dd>
987
988 <dt class=command id=command_undo><code><strong>undo</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Z (PC), Cmd-Z (Mac)</span></dt>
989 <dd>Undo the last change. Note that, because browsers still
990 don't make it possible for scripts to react to or customize the
991 context menu, selecting undo (or redo) from the context menu in
992 a CodeMirror instance does not work.</dd>
993
994 <dt class=command id=command_redo><code><strong>redo</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Y (PC), Shift-Cmd-Z (Mac), Cmd-Y (Mac)</span></dt>
995 <dd>Redo the last undone change.</dd>
996
997 <dt class=command id=command_undoSelection><code><strong>undoSelection</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-U (PC), Cmd-U (Mac)</span></dt>
998 <dd>Undo the last change to the selection, or if there are no
999 selection-only changes at the top of the history, undo the last
1000 change.</dd>
1001
1002 <dt class=command id=command_redoSelection><code><strong>redoSelection</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-U (PC), Shift-Cmd-U (Mac)</span></dt>
1003 <dd>Redo the last change to the selection, or the last text change if
1004 no selection changes remain.</dd>
1005
1006 <dt class=command id=command_goDocStart><code><strong>goDocStart</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Home (PC), Cmd-Up (Mac), Cmd-Home (Mac)</span></dt>
1007 <dd>Move the cursor to the start of the document.</dd>
1008
1009 <dt class=command id=command_goDocEnd><code><strong>goDocEnd</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-End (PC), Cmd-End (Mac), Cmd-Down (Mac)</span></dt>
1010 <dd>Move the cursor to the end of the document.</dd>
1011
1012 <dt class=command id=command_goLineStart><code><strong>goLineStart</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-Left (PC), Ctrl-A (Mac)</span></dt>
1013 <dd>Move the cursor to the start of the line.</dd>
1014
1015 <dt class=command id=command_goLineStartSmart><code><strong>goLineStartSmart</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Home</span></dt>
1016 <dd>Move to the start of the text on the line, or if we are
1017 already there, to the actual start of the line (including
1018 whitespace).</dd>
1019
1020 <dt class=command id=command_goLineEnd><code><strong>goLineEnd</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-Right (PC), Ctrl-E (Mac)</span></dt>
1021 <dd>Move the cursor to the end of the line.</dd>
1022
1023 <dt class=command id=command_goLineRight><code><strong>goLineRight</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Cmd-Right (Mac)</span></dt>
1024 <dd>Move the cursor to the right side of the visual line it is on.</dd>
1025
1026 <dt class=command id=command_goLineLeft><code><strong>goLineLeft</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Cmd-Left (Mac)</span></dt>
1027 <dd>Move the cursor to the left side of the visual line it is on. If
1028 this line is wrapped, that may not be the start of the line.</dd>
1029
1030 <dt class=command id=command_goLineLeftSmart><code><strong>goLineLeftSmart</strong></code></dt>
1031 <dd>Move the cursor to the left side of the visual line it is
1032 on. If that takes it to the start of the line, behave
1033 like <a href="#command_goLineStartSmart"><code>goLineStartSmart</code></a>.</dd>
1034
1035 <dt class=command id=command_goLineUp><code><strong>goLineUp</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Up, Ctrl-P (Mac)</span></dt>
1036 <dd>Move the cursor up one line.</dd>
1037
1038 <dt class=command id=command_goLineDown><code><strong>goLineDown</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Down, Ctrl-N (Mac)</span></dt>
1039 <dd>Move down one line.</dd>
1040
1041 <dt class=command id=command_goPageUp><code><strong>goPageUp</strong></code><span class=keybinding>PageUp, Shift-Ctrl-V (Mac)</span></dt>
1042 <dd>Move the cursor up one screen, and scroll up by the same distance.</dd>
1043
1044 <dt class=command id=command_goPageDown><code><strong>goPageDown</strong></code><span class=keybinding>PageDown, Ctrl-V (Mac)</span></dt>
1045 <dd>Move the cursor down one screen, and scroll down by the same distance.</dd>
1046
1047 <dt class=command id=command_goCharLeft><code><strong>goCharLeft</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Left, Ctrl-B (Mac)</span></dt>
1048 <dd>Move the cursor one character left, going to the previous line
1049 when hitting the start of line.</dd>
1050
1051 <dt class=command id=command_goCharRight><code><strong>goCharRight</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Right, Ctrl-F (Mac)</span></dt>
1052 <dd>Move the cursor one character right, going to the next line
1053 when hitting the end of line.</dd>
1054
1055 <dt class=command id=command_goColumnLeft><code><strong>goColumnLeft</strong></code></dt>
1056 <dd>Move the cursor one character left, but don't cross line boundaries.</dd>
1057
1058 <dt class=command id=command_goColumnRight><code><strong>goColumnRight</strong></code></dt>
1059 <dd>Move the cursor one character right, don't cross line boundaries.</dd>
1060
1061 <dt class=command id=command_goWordLeft><code><strong>goWordLeft</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-B (Mac)</span></dt>
1062 <dd>Move the cursor to the start of the previous word.</dd>
1063
1064 <dt class=command id=command_goWordRight><code><strong>goWordRight</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-F (Mac)</span></dt>
1065 <dd>Move the cursor to the end of the next word.</dd>
1066
1067 <dt class=command id=command_goGroupLeft><code><strong>goGroupLeft</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Left (PC), Alt-Left (Mac)</span></dt>
1068 <dd>Move to the left of the group before the cursor. A group is
1069 a stretch of word characters, a stretch of punctuation
1070 characters, a newline, or a stretch of <em>more than one</em>
1071 whitespace character.</dd>
1072
1073 <dt class=command id=command_goGroupRight><code><strong>goGroupRight</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Right (PC), Alt-Right (Mac)</span></dt>
1074 <dd>Move to the right of the group after the cursor
1075 (see <a href="#command_goGroupLeft">above</a>).</dd>
1076
1077 <dt class=command id=command_delCharBefore><code><strong>delCharBefore</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Shift-Backspace, Ctrl-H (Mac)</span></dt>
1078 <dd>Delete the character before the cursor.</dd>
1079
1080 <dt class=command id=command_delCharAfter><code><strong>delCharAfter</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Delete, Ctrl-D (Mac)</span></dt>
1081 <dd>Delete the character after the cursor.</dd>
1082
1083 <dt class=command id=command_delWordBefore><code><strong>delWordBefore</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-Backspace (Mac)</span></dt>
1084 <dd>Delete up to the start of the word before the cursor.</dd>
1085
1086 <dt class=command id=command_delWordAfter><code><strong>delWordAfter</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Alt-D (Mac)</span></dt>
1087 <dd>Delete up to the end of the word after the cursor.</dd>
1088
1089 <dt class=command id=command_delGroupBefore><code><strong>delGroupBefore</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Backspace (PC), Alt-Backspace (Mac)</span></dt>
1090 <dd>Delete to the left of the <a href="#command_goGroupLeft">group</a> before the cursor.</dd>
1091
1092 <dt class=command id=command_delGroupAfter><code><strong>delGroupAfter</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-Delete (PC), Ctrl-Alt-Backspace (Mac), Alt-Delete (Mac)</span></dt>
1093 <dd>Delete to the start of the <a href="#command_goGroupLeft">group</a> after the cursor.</dd>
1094
1095 <dt class=command id=command_indentAuto><code><strong>indentAuto</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Shift-Tab</span></dt>
1096 <dd>Auto-indent the current line or selection.</dd>
1097
1098 <dt class=command id=command_indentMore><code><strong>indentMore</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-] (PC), Cmd-] (Mac)</span></dt>
1099 <dd>Indent the current line or selection by one <a href="#option_indentUnit">indent unit</a>.</dd>
1100
1101 <dt class=command id=command_indentLess><code><strong>indentLess</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-[ (PC), Cmd-[ (Mac)</span></dt>
1102 <dd>Dedent the current line or selection by one <a href="#option_indentUnit">indent unit</a>.</dd>
1103
1104 <dt class=command id=command_insertTab><code><strong>insertTab</strong></code></dt>
1105 <dd>Insert a tab character at the cursor.</dd>
1106
1107 <dt class=command id=command_insertSoftTab><code><strong>insertSoftTab</strong></code></dt>
1108 <dd>Insert the amount of spaces that match the width a tab at
1109 the cursor position would have.</dd>
1110
1111 <dt class=command id=command_defaultTab><code><strong>defaultTab</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Tab</span></dt>
1112 <dd>If something is selected, indent it by
1113 one <a href="#option_indentUnit">indent unit</a>. If nothing is
1114 selected, insert a tab character.</dd>
1115
1116 <dt class=command id=command_transposeChars><code><strong>transposeChars</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-T (Mac)</span></dt>
1117 <dd>Swap the characters before and after the cursor.</dd>
1118
1119 <dt class=command id=command_newlineAndIndent><code><strong>newlineAndIndent</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Enter</span></dt>
1120 <dd>Insert a newline and auto-indent the new line.</dd>
1121
1122 <dt class=command id=command_toggleOverwrite><code><strong>toggleOverwrite</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Insert</span></dt>
1123 <dd>Flip the <a href="#toggleOverwrite">overwrite</a> flag.</dd>
1124
1125 <dt class=command id=command_save><code><strong>save</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-S (PC), Cmd-S (Mac)</span></dt>
1126 <dd>Not defined by the core library, only referred to in
1127 key maps. Intended to provide an easy way for user code to define
1128 a save command.</dd>
1129
1130 <dt class=command id=command_find><code><strong>find</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-F (PC), Cmd-F (Mac)</span></dt>
1131 <dt class=command id=command_findNext><code><strong>findNext</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Ctrl-G (PC), Cmd-G (Mac)</span></dt>
1132 <dt class=command id=command_findPrev><code><strong>findPrev</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Shift-Ctrl-G (PC), Shift-Cmd-G (Mac)</span></dt>
1133 <dt class=command id=command_replace><code><strong>replace</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Shift-Ctrl-F (PC), Cmd-Alt-F (Mac)</span></dt>
1134 <dt class=command id=command_replaceAll><code><strong>replaceAll</strong></code><span class=keybinding>Shift-Ctrl-R (PC), Shift-Cmd-Alt-F (Mac)</span></dt>
1135 <dd>Not defined by the core library, but defined in
1136 the <a href="#addon_search">search addon</a> (or custom client
1137 addons).</dd>
1138
1139 </dl>
1140
1141 </section>
1142
1143 <section id=styling>
1144 <h2>Customized Styling</h2>
1145
1146 <p>Up to a certain extent, CodeMirror's look can be changed by
1147 modifying style sheet files. The style sheets supplied by modes
1148 simply provide the colors for that mode, and can be adapted in a
1149 very straightforward way. To style the editor itself, it is
1150 possible to alter or override the styles defined
1151 in <a href="../lib/codemirror.css"><code>codemirror.css</code></a>.</p>
1152
1153 <p>Some care must be taken there, since a lot of the rules in this
1154 file are necessary to have CodeMirror function properly. Adjusting
1155 colors should be safe, of course, and with some care a lot of
1156 other things can be changed as well. The CSS classes defined in
1157 this file serve the following roles:</p>
1158
1159 <dl>
1160 <dt id="class_CodeMirror"><code><strong>CodeMirror</strong></code></dt>
1161 <dd>The outer element of the editor. This should be used for the
1162 editor width, height, borders and positioning. Can also be used
1163 to set styles that should hold for everything inside the editor
1164 (such as font and font size), or to set a background. Setting
1165 this class' <code>height</code> style to <code>auto</code> will
1166 make the editor <a href="../demo/resize.html">resize to fit its
1167 content</a> (it is recommended to also set
1168 the <a href="#option_viewportMargin"><code>viewportMargin</code>
1169 option</a> to <code>Infinity</code> when doing this.</dd>
1170
1171 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_focused"><code><strong>CodeMirror-focused</strong></code></dt>
1172 <dd>Whenever the editor is focused, the top element gets this
1173 class. This is used to hide the cursor and give the selection a
1174 different color when the editor is not focused.</dd>
1175
1176 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_gutters"><code><strong>CodeMirror-gutters</strong></code></dt>
1177 <dd>This is the backdrop for all gutters. Use it to set the
1178 default gutter background color, and optionally add a border on
1179 the right of the gutters.</dd>
1180
1181 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_linenumbers"><code><strong>CodeMirror-linenumbers</strong></code></dt>
1182 <dd>Use this for giving a background or width to the line number
1183 gutter.</dd>
1184
1185 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_linenumber"><code><strong>CodeMirror-linenumber</strong></code></dt>
1186 <dd>Used to style the actual individual line numbers. These
1187 won't be children of the <code>CodeMirror-linenumbers</code>
1188 (plural) element, but rather will be absolutely positioned to
1189 overlay it. Use this to set alignment and text properties for
1190 the line numbers.</dd>
1191
1192 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_lines"><code><strong>CodeMirror-lines</strong></code></dt>
1193 <dd>The visible lines. This is where you specify vertical
1194 padding for the editor content.</dd>
1195
1196 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_cursor"><code><strong>CodeMirror-cursor</strong></code></dt>
1197 <dd>The cursor is a block element that is absolutely positioned.
1198 You can make it look whichever way you want.</dd>
1199
1200 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_selected"><code><strong>CodeMirror-selected</strong></code></dt>
1201 <dd>The selection is represented by <code>span</code> elements
1202 with this class.</dd>
1203
1204 <dt id="class_CodeMirror_matchingbracket"><code><strong>CodeMirror-matchingbracket</strong></code>,
1205 <code><strong>CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket</strong></code></dt>
1206 <dd>These are used to style matched (or unmatched) brackets.</dd>
1207 </dl>
1208
1209 <p>If your page's style sheets do funky things to
1210 all <code>div</code> or <code>pre</code> elements (you probably
1211 shouldn't do that), you'll have to define rules to cancel these
1212 effects out again for elements under the <code>CodeMirror</code>
1213 class.</p>
1214
1215 <p>Themes are also simply CSS files, which define colors for
1216 various syntactic elements. See the files in
1217 the <a href="../theme/"><code>theme</code></a> directory.</p>
1218 </section>
1219
1220 <section id=api>
1221 <h2>Programming API</h2>
1222
1223 <p>A lot of CodeMirror features are only available through its
1224 API. Thus, you need to write code (or
1225 use <a href="#addons">addons</a>) if you want to expose them to
1226 your users.</p>
1227
1228 <p>Whenever points in the document are represented, the API uses
1229 objects with <code>line</code> and <code>ch</code> properties.
1230 Both are zero-based. CodeMirror makes sure to 'clip' any positions
1231 passed by client code so that they fit inside the document, so you
1232 shouldn't worry too much about sanitizing your coordinates. If you
1233 give <code>ch</code> a value of <code>null</code>, or don't
1234 specify it, it will be replaced with the length of the specified
1235 line. Such positions may also have a <code>sticky</code> property
1236 holding <code>"before"</code> or <code>"after"</code>, whether the
1237 position is associated with the character before or after it. This
1238 influences, for example, where the cursor is drawn on a
1239 line-break or bidi-direction boundary.</p>
1240
1241 <p>Methods prefixed with <code>doc.</code> can, unless otherwise
1242 specified, be called both on <code>CodeMirror</code> (editor)
1243 instances and <code>CodeMirror.Doc</code> instances. Methods
1244 prefixed with <code>cm.</code> are <em>only</em> available
1245 on <code>CodeMirror</code> instances.</p>
1246
1247 <h3 id="api_constructor">Constructor</h3>
1248
1249 <p id="CodeMirror">Constructing an editor instance is done with
1250 the <code><strong>CodeMirror</strong>(place: Element|fn(Element),
1251 ?option: object)</code> constructor. If the <code>place</code>
1252 argument is a DOM element, the editor will be appended to it. If
1253 it is a function, it will be called, and is expected to place the
1254 editor into the document. <code>options</code> may be an element
1255 mapping <a href="#config">option names</a> to values. The options
1256 that it doesn't explicitly specify (or all options, if it is not
1257 passed) will be taken
1258 from <a href="#defaults"><code>CodeMirror.defaults</code></a>.</p>
1259
1260 <p>Note that the options object passed to the constructor will be
1261 mutated when the instance's options
1262 are <a href="#setOption">changed</a>, so you shouldn't share such
1263 objects between instances.</p>
1264
1265 <p>See <a href="#fromTextArea"><code>CodeMirror.fromTextArea</code></a>
1266 for another way to construct an editor instance.</p>
1267
1268 <h3 id="api_content">Content manipulation methods</h3>
1269
1270 <dl>
1271 <dt id="getValue"><code><strong>doc.getValue</strong>(?separator: string) → string</code></dt>
1272 <dd>Get the current editor content. You can pass it an optional
1273 argument to specify the string to be used to separate lines
1274 (defaults to <code>"\n"</code>).</dd>
1275 <dt id="setValue"><code><strong>doc.setValue</strong>(content: string)</code></dt>
1276 <dd>Set the editor content.</dd>
1277
1278 <dt id="getRange"><code><strong>doc.getRange</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?separator: string) → string</code></dt>
1279 <dd>Get the text between the given points in the editor, which
1280 should be <code>{line, ch}</code> objects. An optional third
1281 argument can be given to indicate the line separator string to
1282 use (defaults to <code>"\n"</code>).</dd>
1283 <dt id="replaceRange"><code><strong>doc.replaceRange</strong>(replacement: string, from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?origin: string)</code></dt>
1284 <dd>Replace the part of the document between <code>from</code>
1285 and <code>to</code> with the given string. <code>from</code>
1286 and <code>to</code> must be <code>{line, ch}</code>
1287 objects. <code>to</code> can be left off to simply insert the
1288 string at position <code>from</code>. When <code>origin</code>
1289 is given, it will be passed on
1290 to <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code> events</a>, and
1291 its first letter will be used to determine whether this change
1292 can be merged with previous history events, in the way described
1293 for <a href="#selection_origin">selection origins</a>.</dd>
1294
1295 <dt id="getLine"><code><strong>doc.getLine</strong>(n: integer) → string</code></dt>
1296 <dd>Get the content of line <code>n</code>.</dd>
1297
1298 <dt id="lineCount"><code><strong>doc.lineCount</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
1299 <dd>Get the number of lines in the editor.</dd>
1300 <dt id="firstLine"><code><strong>doc.firstLine</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
1301 <dd>Get the number of first line in the editor. This will
1302 usually be zero but for <a href="#linkedDoc_from">linked sub-views</a>,
1303 or <a href="#api_doc">documents</a> instantiated with a non-zero
1304 first line, it might return other values.</dd>
1305 <dt id="lastLine"><code><strong>doc.lastLine</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
1306 <dd>Get the number of last line in the editor. This will
1307 usually be <code>doc.lineCount() - 1</code>,
1308 but for <a href="#linkedDoc_from">linked sub-views</a>,
1309 it might return other values.</dd>
1310
1311 <dt id="getLineHandle"><code><strong>doc.getLineHandle</strong>(num: integer) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1312 <dd>Fetches the line handle for the given line number.</dd>
1313 <dt id="getLineNumber"><code><strong>doc.getLineNumber</strong>(handle: LineHandle) → integer</code></dt>
1314 <dd>Given a line handle, returns the current position of that
1315 line (or <code>null</code> when it is no longer in the
1316 document).</dd>
1317 <dt id="eachLine"><code><strong>doc.eachLine</strong>(f: (line: LineHandle))</code></dt>
1318 <dt><code><strong>doc.eachLine</strong>(start: integer, end: integer, f: (line: LineHandle))</code></dt>
1319 <dd>Iterate over the whole document, or if <code>start</code>
1320 and <code>end</code> line numbers are given, the range
1321 from <code>start</code> up to (not including) <code>end</code>,
1322 and call <code>f</code> for each line, passing the line handle.
1323 <code>eachLine</code> stops iterating if <code>f</code> returns
1324 truthy value.
1325 This is a faster way to visit a range of line handlers than
1326 calling <a href="#getLineHandle"><code>getLineHandle</code></a>
1327 for each of them. Note that line handles have
1328 a <code>text</code> property containing the line's content (as a
1329 string).</dd>
1330
1331 <dt id="markClean"><code><strong>doc.markClean</strong>()</code></dt>
1332 <dd>Set the editor content as 'clean', a flag that it will
1333 retain until it is edited, and which will be set again when such
1334 an edit is undone again. Useful to track whether the content
1335 needs to be saved. This function is deprecated in favor
1336 of <a href="#changeGeneration"><code>changeGeneration</code></a>,
1337 which allows multiple subsystems to track different notions of
1338 cleanness without interfering.</dd>
1339 <dt id="changeGeneration"><code><strong>doc.changeGeneration</strong>(?closeEvent: boolean) → integer</code></dt>
1340 <dd>Returns a number that can later be passed
1341 to <a href="#isClean"><code>isClean</code></a> to test whether
1342 any edits were made (and not undone) in the meantime.
1343 If <code>closeEvent</code> is true, the current history event
1344 will be ‘closed’, meaning it can't be combined with further
1345 changes (rapid typing or deleting events are typically
1346 combined).</dd>
1347 <dt id="isClean"><code><strong>doc.isClean</strong>(?generation: integer) → boolean</code></dt>
1348 <dd>Returns whether the document is currently clean — not
1349 modified since initialization or the last call
1350 to <a href="#markClean"><code>markClean</code></a> if no
1351 argument is passed, or since the matching call
1352 to <a href="#changeGeneration"><code>changeGeneration</code></a>
1353 if a generation value is given.</dd>
1354 </dl>
1355
1356 <h3 id="api_selection">Cursor and selection methods</h3>
1357
1358 <dl>
1359 <dt id="getSelection"><code><strong>doc.getSelection</strong>(?lineSep: string) → string</code></dt>
1360 <dd>Get the currently selected code. Optionally pass a line
1361 separator to put between the lines in the output. When multiple
1362 selections are present, they are concatenated with instances
1363 of <code>lineSep</code> in between.</dd>
1364 <dt id="getSelections"><code><strong>doc.getSelections</strong>(?lineSep: string) → array&lt;string&gt;</code></dt>
1365 <dd>Returns an array containing a string for each selection,
1366 representing the content of the selections.</dd>
1367
1368 <dt id="replaceSelection"><code><strong>doc.replaceSelection</strong>(replacement: string, ?select: string)</code></dt>
1369 <dd>Replace the selection(s) with the given string. By default,
1370 the new selection ends up after the inserted text. The
1371 optional <code>select</code> argument can be used to change
1372 this—passing <code>"around"</code> will cause the new text to be
1373 selected, passing <code>"start"</code> will collapse the
1374 selection to the start of the inserted text.</dd>
1375 <dt id="replaceSelections"><code><strong>doc.replaceSelections</strong>(replacements: array&lt;string&gt;, ?select: string)</code></dt>
1376 <dd>The length of the given array should be the same as the
1377 number of active selections. Replaces the content of the
1378 selections with the strings in the array.
1379 The <code>select</code> argument works the same as
1380 in <a href="#replaceSelection"><code>replaceSelection</code></a>.</dd>
1381
1382 <dt id="getCursor"><code><strong>doc.getCursor</strong>(?start: string) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1383 <dd>Retrieve one end of the <em>primary</em>
1384 selection. <code>start</code> is an optional string indicating
1385 which end of the selection to return. It may
1386 be <code>"from"</code>, <code>"to"</code>, <code>"head"</code>
1387 (the side of the selection that moves when you press
1388 shift+arrow), or <code>"anchor"</code> (the fixed side of the
1389 selection). Omitting the argument is the same as
1390 passing <code>"head"</code>. A <code>{line, ch}</code> object
1391 will be returned.</dd>
1392 <dt id="listSelections"><code><strong>doc.listSelections</strong>() → array&lt;{anchor, head}&gt;</code></dt>
1393 <dd>Retrieves a list of all current selections. These will
1394 always be sorted, and never overlap (overlapping selections are
1395 merged). Each object in the array contains <code>anchor</code>
1396 and <code>head</code> properties referring to <code>{line,
1397 ch}</code> objects.</dd>
1398
1399 <dt id="somethingSelected"><code><strong>doc.somethingSelected</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1400 <dd>Return true if any text is selected.</dd>
1401 <dt id="setCursor"><code><strong>doc.setCursor</strong>(pos: {line, ch}|number, ?ch: number, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1402 <dd>Set the cursor position. You can either pass a
1403 single <code>{line, ch}</code> object, or the line and the
1404 character as two separate parameters. Will replace all
1405 selections with a single, empty selection at the given position.
1406 The supported options are the same as for <a href="#setSelection"><code>setSelection</code></a>.</dd>
1407
1408 <dt id="setSelection"><code><strong>doc.setSelection</strong>(anchor: {line, ch}, ?head: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1409 <dd>Set a single selection range. <code>anchor</code>
1410 and <code>head</code> should be <code>{line, ch}</code>
1411 objects. <code>head</code> defaults to <code>anchor</code> when
1412 not given. These options are supported:
1413 <dl>
1414 <dt id="selection_scroll"><code><strong>scroll</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1415 <dd>Determines whether the selection head should be scrolled
1416 into view. Defaults to true.</dd>
1417 <dt id="selection_origin"><code><strong>origin</strong>: string</code></dt>
1418 <dd>Determines whether the selection history event may be
1419 merged with the previous one. When an origin starts with the
1420 character <code>+</code>, and the last recorded selection had
1421 the same origin and was similar (close
1422 in <a href="#option_historyEventDelay">time</a>, both
1423 collapsed or both non-collapsed), the new one will replace the
1424 old one. When it starts with <code>*</code>, it will always
1425 replace the previous event (if that had the same origin).
1426 Built-in motion uses the <code>"+move"</code> origin. User input uses the <code>"+input"</code> origin.</dd>
1427 <dt id="selection_bias"><code><strong>bias</strong>: number</code></dt>
1428 <dd>Determine the direction into which the selection endpoints
1429 should be adjusted when they fall inside
1430 an <a href="#mark_atomic">atomic</a> range. Can be either -1
1431 (backward) or 1 (forward). When not given, the bias will be
1432 based on the relative position of the old selection—the editor
1433 will try to move further away from that, to prevent getting
1434 stuck.</dd>
1435 </dl></dd>
1436
1437 <dt id="setSelections"><code><strong>doc.setSelections</strong>(ranges: array&lt;{anchor, ?head}&gt;, ?primary: integer, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1438 <dd>Sets a new set of selections. There must be at least one
1439 selection in the given array. When <code>primary</code> is a
1440 number, it determines which selection is the primary one. When
1441 it is not given, the primary index is taken from the previous
1442 selection, or set to the last range if the previous selection
1443 had less ranges than the new one. Supports the same options
1444 as <a href="#setSelection"><code>setSelection</code></a>.
1445 <code>head</code> defaults to <code>anchor</code> when not given.</dd>
1446 <dt id="addSelection"><code><strong>doc.addSelection</strong>(anchor: {line, ch}, ?head: {line, ch})</code></dt>
1447 <dd>Adds a new selection to the existing set of selections, and
1448 makes it the primary selection.</dd>
1449
1450 <dt id="extendSelection"><code><strong>doc.extendSelection</strong>(from: {line, ch}, ?to: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1451 <dd>Similar
1452 to <a href="#setSelection"><code>setSelection</code></a>, but
1453 will, if shift is held or
1454 the <a href="#setExtending">extending</a> flag is set, move the
1455 head of the selection while leaving the anchor at its current
1456 place. <code>to</code> is optional, and can be passed to ensure
1457 a region (for example a word or paragraph) will end up selected
1458 (in addition to whatever lies between that region and the
1459 current anchor). When multiple selections are present, all but
1460 the primary selection will be dropped by this method.
1461 Supports the same options as <a href="#setSelection"><code>setSelection</code></a>.</dd>
1462 <dt id="extendSelections"><code><strong>doc.extendSelections</strong>(heads: array&lt;{line, ch}&gt;, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1463 <dd>An equivalent
1464 of <a href="#extendSelection"><code>extendSelection</code></a>
1465 that acts on all selections at once.</dd>
1466 <dt id="extendSelectionsBy"><code><strong>doc.extendSelectionsBy</strong>(f: function(range: {anchor, head}) → {line, ch}), ?options: object)</code></dt>
1467 <dd>Applies the given function to all existing selections, and
1468 calls <a href="#extendSelections"><code>extendSelections</code></a>
1469 on the result.</dd>
1470 <dt id="setExtending"><code><strong>doc.setExtending</strong>(value: boolean)</code></dt>
1471 <dd>Sets or clears the 'extending' flag, which acts similar to
1472 the shift key, in that it will cause cursor movement and calls
1473 to <a href="#extendSelection"><code>extendSelection</code></a>
1474 to leave the selection anchor in place.</dd>
1475 <dt id="getExtending"><code><strong>doc.getExtending</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1476 <dd>Get the value of the 'extending' flag.</dd>
1477
1478 <dt id="hasFocus"><code><strong>cm.hasFocus</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1479 <dd>Tells you whether the editor currently has focus.</dd>
1480
1481 <dt id="findPosH"><code><strong>cm.findPosH</strong>(start: {line, ch}, amount: integer, unit: string, visually: boolean) → {line, ch, ?hitSide: boolean}</code></dt>
1482 <dd>Used to find the target position for horizontal cursor
1483 motion. <code>start</code> is a <code>{line, ch}</code>
1484 object, <code>amount</code> an integer (may be negative),
1485 and <code>unit</code> one of the
1486 string <code>"char"</code>, <code>"column"</code>,
1487 or <code>"word"</code>. Will return a position that is produced
1488 by moving <code>amount</code> times the distance specified
1489 by <code>unit</code>. When <code>visually</code> is true, motion
1490 in right-to-left text will be visual rather than logical. When
1491 the motion was clipped by hitting the end or start of the
1492 document, the returned value will have a <code>hitSide</code>
1493 property set to true.</dd>
1494 <dt id="findPosV"><code><strong>cm.findPosV</strong>(start: {line, ch}, amount: integer, unit: string) → {line, ch, ?hitSide: boolean}</code></dt>
1495 <dd>Similar to <a href="#findPosH"><code>findPosH</code></a>,
1496 but used for vertical motion. <code>unit</code> may
1497 be <code>"line"</code> or <code>"page"</code>. The other
1498 arguments and the returned value have the same interpretation as
1499 they have in <code>findPosH</code>.</dd>
1500
1501 <dt id="findWordAt"><code><strong>cm.findWordAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → {anchor: {line, ch}, head: {line, ch}}</code></dt>
1502 <dd>Returns the start and end of the 'word' (the stretch of
1503 letters, whitespace, or punctuation) at the given position.</dd>
1504 </dl>
1505
1506 <h3 id="api_configuration">Configuration methods</h3>
1507
1508 <dl>
1509 <dt id="setOption"><code><strong>cm.setOption</strong>(option: string, value: any)</code></dt>
1510 <dd>Change the configuration of the editor. <code>option</code>
1511 should the name of an <a href="#config">option</a>,
1512 and <code>value</code> should be a valid value for that
1513 option.</dd>
1514 <dt id="getOption"><code><strong>cm.getOption</strong>(option: string) → any</code></dt>
1515 <dd>Retrieves the current value of the given option for this
1516 editor instance.</dd>
1517
1518 <dt id="addKeyMap"><code><strong>cm.addKeyMap</strong>(map: object, bottom: boolean)</code></dt>
1519 <dd>Attach an additional <a href="#keymaps">key map</a> to the
1520 editor. This is mostly useful for addons that need to register
1521 some key handlers without trampling on
1522 the <a href="#option_extraKeys"><code>extraKeys</code></a>
1523 option. Maps added in this way have a higher precedence than
1524 the <code>extraKeys</code>
1525 and <a href="#option_keyMap"><code>keyMap</code></a> options,
1526 and between them, the maps added earlier have a lower precedence
1527 than those added later, unless the <code>bottom</code> argument
1528 was passed, in which case they end up below other key maps added
1529 with this method.</dd>
1530 <dt id="removeKeyMap"><code><strong>cm.removeKeyMap</strong>(map: object)</code></dt>
1531 <dd>Disable a keymap added
1532 with <a href="#addKeyMap"><code>addKeyMap</code></a>. Either
1533 pass in the key map object itself, or a string, which will be
1534 compared against the <code>name</code> property of the active
1535 key maps.</dd>
1536
1537 <dt id="addOverlay"><code><strong>cm.addOverlay</strong>(mode: string|object, ?options: object)</code></dt>
1538 <dd>Enable a highlighting overlay. This is a stateless mini-mode
1539 that can be used to add extra highlighting. For example,
1540 the <a href="../demo/search.html">search addon</a> uses it to
1541 highlight the term that's currently being
1542 searched. <code>mode</code> can be a <a href="#option_mode">mode
1543 spec</a> or a mode object (an object with
1544 a <a href="#token"><code>token</code></a> method).
1545 The <code>options</code> parameter is optional. If given, it
1546 should be an object, optionally containing the following options:
1547 <dl>
1548 <dt><code><strong>opaque</strong>: bool</code></dt>
1549 <dd>Defaults to off, but can be given to allow the overlay
1550 styling, when not <code>null</code>, to override the styling of
1551 the base mode entirely, instead of the two being applied
1552 together.</dd>
1553 <dt><code><strong>priority</strong>: number</code></dt>
1554 <dd>Determines the ordering in which the overlays are
1555 applied. Those with high priority are applied after those
1556 with lower priority, and able to override the opaqueness of
1557 the ones that come before. Defaults to 0.</dd>
1558 </dl>
1559 </dd>
1560
1561 <dt id="removeOverlay"><code><strong>cm.removeOverlay</strong>(mode: string|object)</code></dt>
1562 <dd>Pass this the exact value passed for the <code>mode</code>
1563 parameter to <a href="#addOverlay"><code>addOverlay</code></a>,
1564 or a string that corresponds to the <code>name</code> property of
1565 that value, to remove an overlay again.</dd>
1566
1567 <dt id="on"><code><strong>cm.on</strong>(type: string, func: (...args))</code></dt>
1568 <dd>Register an event handler for the given event type (a
1569 string) on the editor instance. There is also
1570 a <code>CodeMirror.on(object, type, func)</code> version
1571 that allows registering of events on any object.</dd>
1572 <dt id="off"><code><strong>cm.off</strong>(type: string, func: (...args))</code></dt>
1573 <dd>Remove an event handler on the editor instance. An
1574 equivalent <code>CodeMirror.off(object, type,
1575 func)</code> also exists.</dd>
1576 </dl>
1577
1578 <h3 id="api_doc">Document management methods</h3>
1579
1580 <p id="Doc">Each editor is associated with an instance
1581 of <code>CodeMirror.Doc</code>, its document. A document
1582 represents the editor content, plus a selection, an undo history,
1583 and a <a href="#option_mode">mode</a>. A document can only be
1584 associated with a single editor at a time. You can create new
1585 documents by calling the <code>CodeMirror.Doc(text: string, mode:
1586 Object, firstLineNumber: ?number, lineSeparator: ?string)</code>
1587 constructor. The last three arguments are optional and can be used
1588 to set a mode for the document, make it start at a line number
1589 other than 0, and set a specific line separator respectively.</p>
1590
1591 <dl>
1592 <dt id="getDoc"><code><strong>cm.getDoc</strong>() → Doc</code></dt>
1593 <dd>Retrieve the currently active document from an editor.</dd>
1594 <dt id="getEditor"><code><strong>doc.getEditor</strong>() → CodeMirror</code></dt>
1595 <dd>Retrieve the editor associated with a document. May
1596 return <code>null</code>.</dd>
1597
1598 <dt id="swapDoc"><code><strong>cm.swapDoc</strong>(doc: CodeMirror.Doc) → Doc</code></dt>
1599 <dd>Attach a new document to the editor. Returns the old
1600 document, which is now no longer associated with an editor.</dd>
1601
1602 <dt id="copy"><code><strong>doc.copy</strong>(copyHistory: boolean) → Doc</code></dt>
1603 <dd>Create an identical copy of the given doc.
1604 When <code>copyHistory</code> is true, the history will also be
1605 copied. Can not be called directly on an editor.</dd>
1606
1607 <dt id="linkedDoc"><code><strong>doc.linkedDoc</strong>(options: object) → Doc</code></dt>
1608 <dd>Create a new document that's linked to the target document.
1609 Linked documents will stay in sync (changes to one are also
1610 applied to the other) until <a href="#unlinkDoc">unlinked</a>.
1611 These are the options that are supported:
1612 <dl>
1613 <dt id="linkedDoc_sharedHist"><code><strong>sharedHist</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1614 <dd>When turned on, the linked copy will share an undo
1615 history with the original. Thus, something done in one of
1616 the two can be undone in the other, and vice versa.</dd>
1617 <dt id="linkedDoc_from"><code><strong>from</strong>: integer</code></dt>
1618 <dt id="linkedDoc_to"><code><strong>to</strong>: integer</code></dt>
1619 <dd>Can be given to make the new document a subview of the
1620 original. Subviews only show a given range of lines. Note
1621 that line coordinates inside the subview will be consistent
1622 with those of the parent, so that for example a subview
1623 starting at line 10 will refer to its first line as line 10,
1624 not 0.</dd>
1625 <dt id="linkedDoc_mode"><code><strong>mode</strong>: string|object</code></dt>
1626 <dd>By default, the new document inherits the mode of the
1627 parent. This option can be set to
1628 a <a href="#option_mode">mode spec</a> to give it a
1629 different mode.</dd>
1630 </dl></dd>
1631 <dt id="unlinkDoc"><code><strong>doc.unlinkDoc</strong>(doc: CodeMirror.Doc)</code></dt>
1632 <dd>Break the link between two documents. After calling this,
1633 changes will no longer propagate between the documents, and, if
1634 they had a shared history, the history will become
1635 separate.</dd>
1636 <dt id="iterLinkedDocs"><code><strong>doc.iterLinkedDocs</strong>(function: (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, sharedHist: boolean))</code></dt>
1637 <dd>Will call the given function for all documents linked to the
1638 target document. It will be passed two arguments, the linked document
1639 and a boolean indicating whether that document shares history
1640 with the target.</dd>
1641 </dl>
1642
1643 <h3 id="api_history">History-related methods</h3>
1644
1645 <dl>
1646 <dt id="undo"><code><strong>doc.undo</strong>()</code></dt>
1647 <dd>Undo one edit (if any undo events are stored).</dd>
1648 <dt id="redo"><code><strong>doc.redo</strong>()</code></dt>
1649 <dd>Redo one undone edit.</dd>
1650
1651 <dt id="undoSelection"><code><strong>doc.undoSelection</strong>()</code></dt>
1652 <dd>Undo one edit or selection change.</dd>
1653 <dt id="redoSelection"><code><strong>doc.redoSelection</strong>()</code></dt>
1654 <dd>Redo one undone edit or selection change.</dd>
1655
1656 <dt id="historySize"><code><strong>doc.historySize</strong>() → {undo: integer, redo: integer}</code></dt>
1657 <dd>Returns an object with <code>{undo, redo}</code> properties,
1658 both of which hold integers, indicating the amount of stored
1659 undo and redo operations.</dd>
1660 <dt id="clearHistory"><code><strong>doc.clearHistory</strong>()</code></dt>
1661 <dd>Clears the editor's undo history.</dd>
1662 <dt id="getHistory"><code><strong>doc.getHistory</strong>() → object</code></dt>
1663 <dd>Get a (JSON-serializable) representation of the undo history.</dd>
1664 <dt id="setHistory"><code><strong>doc.setHistory</strong>(history: object)</code></dt>
1665 <dd>Replace the editor's undo history with the one provided,
1666 which must be a value as returned
1667 by <a href="#getHistory"><code>getHistory</code></a>. Note that
1668 this will have entirely undefined results if the editor content
1669 isn't also the same as it was when <code>getHistory</code> was
1670 called.</dd>
1671 </dl>
1672
1673 <h3 id="api_marker">Text-marking methods</h3>
1674
1675 <dl>
1676 <dt id="markText"><code><strong>doc.markText</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object) → TextMarker</code></dt>
1677 <dd>Can be used to mark a range of text with a specific CSS
1678 class name. <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> should
1679 be <code>{line, ch}</code> objects. The <code>options</code>
1680 parameter is optional. When given, it should be an object that
1681 may contain the following configuration options:
1682 <dl>
1683 <dt id="mark_className"><code><strong>className</strong>: string</code></dt>
1684 <dd>Assigns a CSS class to the marked stretch of text.</dd>
1685 <dt id="mark_inclusiveLeft"><code><strong>inclusiveLeft</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1686 <dd>Determines whether
1687 text inserted on the left of the marker will end up inside
1688 or outside of it.</dd>
1689 <dt id="mark_inclusiveRight"><code><strong>inclusiveRight</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1690 <dd>Like <code>inclusiveLeft</code>,
1691 but for the right side.</dd>
1692 <dt id="mark_selectLeft"><code><strong>selectLeft</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1693 <dd>For atomic ranges, determines whether the cursor is allowed
1694 to be placed directly to the left of the range. Has no effect on
1695 non-atomic ranges.</dd>
1696 <dt id="mark_selectRight"><code><strong>selectRight</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1697 <dd>Like <code>selectLeft</code>,
1698 but for the right side.</dd>
1699 <dt id="mark_atomic"><code><strong>atomic</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1700 <dd>Atomic ranges act as a single unit when cursor movement is
1701 concerned—i.e. it is impossible to place the cursor inside of
1702 them. You can control whether the cursor is allowed to be placed
1703 directly before or after them using <code>selectLeft</code>
1704 or <code>selectRight</code>. If <code>selectLeft</code>
1705 (or right) is not provided, then <code>inclusiveLeft</code> (or
1706 right) will control this behavior.</dd>
1707 <dt id="mark_collapsed"><code><strong>collapsed</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1708 <dd>Collapsed ranges do not show up in the display. Setting a
1709 range to be collapsed will automatically make it atomic.</dd>
1710 <dt id="mark_clearOnEnter"><code><strong>clearOnEnter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1711 <dd>When enabled, will cause the mark to clear itself whenever
1712 the cursor enters its range. This is mostly useful for
1713 text-replacement widgets that need to 'snap open' when the
1714 user tries to edit them. The
1715 <a href="#event_clear"><code>"clear"</code></a> event
1716 fired on the range handle can be used to be notified when this
1717 happens.</dd>
1718 <dt id="mark_clearWhenEmpty"><code><strong>clearWhenEmpty</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1719 <dd>Determines whether the mark is automatically cleared when
1720 it becomes empty. Default is true.</dd>
1721 <dt id="mark_replacedWith"><code><strong>replacedWith</strong>: Element</code></dt>
1722 <dd>Use a given node to display this range. Implies both
1723 collapsed and atomic. The given DOM node <em>must</em> be an
1724 inline element (as opposed to a block element).</dd>
1725 <dt><code><strong>handleMouseEvents</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1726 <dd>When <code>replacedWith</code> is given, this determines
1727 whether the editor will capture mouse and drag events
1728 occurring in this widget. Default is false—the events will be
1729 left alone for the default browser handler, or specific
1730 handlers on the widget, to capture.</dd>
1731 <dt id="mark_readOnly"><code><strong>readOnly</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1732 <dd>A read-only span can, as long as it is not cleared, not be
1733 modified except by
1734 calling <a href="#setValue"><code>setValue</code></a> to reset
1735 the whole document. <em>Note:</em> adding a read-only span
1736 currently clears the undo history of the editor, because
1737 existing undo events being partially nullified by read-only
1738 spans would corrupt the history (in the current
1739 implementation).</dd>
1740 <dt id="mark_addToHistory"><code><strong>addToHistory</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1741 <dd>When set to true (default is false), adding this marker
1742 will create an event in the undo history that can be
1743 individually undone (clearing the marker).</dd>
1744 <dt id="mark_startStyle"><code><strong>startStyle</strong>: string</code></dt><dd>Can be used to specify
1745 an extra CSS class to be applied to the leftmost span that
1746 is part of the marker.</dd>
1747 <dt id="mark_endStyle"><code><strong>endStyle</strong>: string</code></dt><dd>Equivalent
1748 to <code>startStyle</code>, but for the rightmost span.</dd>
1749 <dt id="mark_css"><code><strong>css</strong>: string</code></dt>
1750 <dd>A string of CSS to be applied to the covered text. For example <code>"color: #fe3"</code>.</dd>
1751 <dt id="mark_attributes"><code><strong>attributes</strong>: object</code></dt>
1752 <dd>When given, add the attributes in the given object to the
1753 elements created for the marked text. Adding <code>class</code> or
1754 <code>style</code> attributes this way is not supported.</dd>
1755 <dt id="mark_shared"><code><strong>shared</strong>: boolean</code></dt><dd>When the
1756 target document is <a href="#linkedDoc">linked</a> to other
1757 documents, you can set <code>shared</code> to true to make the
1758 marker appear in all documents. By default, a marker appears
1759 only in its target document.</dd>
1760 </dl>
1761 The method will return an object that represents the marker
1762 (with constructor <code>CodeMirror.TextMarker</code>), which
1763 exposes three methods:
1764 <code><strong>clear</strong>()</code>, to remove the mark,
1765 <code><strong>find</strong>()</code>, which returns
1766 a <code>{from, to}</code> object (both holding document
1767 positions), indicating the current position of the marked range,
1768 or <code>undefined</code> if the marker is no longer in the
1769 document, and finally <code><strong>changed</strong>()</code>,
1770 which you can call if you've done something that might change
1771 the size of the marker (for example changing the content of
1772 a <a href="#mark_replacedWith"><code>replacedWith</code></a>
1773 node), and want to cheaply update the display.</dd>
1774
1775 <dt id="setBookmark"><code><strong>doc.setBookmark</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, ?options: object) → TextMarker</code></dt>
1776 <dd>Inserts a bookmark, a handle that follows the text around it
1777 as it is being edited, at the given position. A bookmark has two
1778 methods <code>find()</code> and <code>clear()</code>. The first
1779 returns the current position of the bookmark, if it is still in
1780 the document, and the second explicitly removes the bookmark.
1781 The options argument is optional. If given, the following
1782 properties are recognized:
1783 <dl>
1784 <dt><code><strong>widget</strong>: Element</code></dt><dd>Can be used to display a DOM
1785 node at the current location of the bookmark (analogous to
1786 the <a href="#mark_replacedWith"><code>replacedWith</code></a>
1787 option to <a href="#markText"><code>markText</code></a>).</dd>
1788 <dt><code><strong>insertLeft</strong>: boolean</code></dt><dd>By default, text typed
1789 when the cursor is on top of the bookmark will end up to the
1790 right of the bookmark. Set this option to true to make it go
1791 to the left instead.</dd>
1792 <dt><code><strong>shared</strong>: boolean</code></dt><dd>See
1793 the corresponding <a href="#mark_shared">option</a>
1794 to <code>markText</code>.</dd>
1795 <dt><code><strong>handleMouseEvents</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1796 <dd>As with <a href="#markText"><code>markText</code></a>,
1797 this determines whether mouse events on the widget inserted
1798 for this bookmark are handled by CodeMirror. The default is
1799 false.</dd>
1800 </dl></dd>
1801
1802 <dt id="findMarks"><code><strong>doc.findMarks</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}) → array&lt;TextMarker&gt;</code></dt>
1803 <dd>Returns an array of all the bookmarks and marked ranges
1804 found between the given positions (non-inclusive).</dd>
1805 <dt id="findMarksAt"><code><strong>doc.findMarksAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → array&lt;TextMarker&gt;</code></dt>
1806 <dd>Returns an array of all the bookmarks and marked ranges
1807 present at the given position.</dd>
1808 <dt id="getAllMarks"><code><strong>doc.getAllMarks</strong>() → array&lt;TextMarker&gt;</code></dt>
1809 <dd>Returns an array containing all marked ranges in the document.</dd>
1810 </dl>
1811
1812 <h3 id="api_decoration">Widget, gutter, and decoration methods</h3>
1813
1814 <dl>
1815 <dt id="setGutterMarker"><code><strong>doc.setGutterMarker</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, gutterID: string, value: Element) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1816 <dd>Sets the gutter marker for the given gutter (identified by
1817 its CSS class, see
1818 the <a href="#option_gutters"><code>gutters</code></a> option)
1819 to the given value. Value can be either <code>null</code>, to
1820 clear the marker, or a DOM element, to set it. The DOM element
1821 will be shown in the specified gutter next to the specified
1822 line.</dd>
1823
1824 <dt id="clearGutter"><code><strong>doc.clearGutter</strong>(gutterID: string)</code></dt>
1825 <dd>Remove all gutter markers in
1826 the <a href="#option_gutters">gutter</a> with the given ID.</dd>
1827
1828 <dt id="addLineClass"><code><strong>doc.addLineClass</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, where: string, class: string) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1829 <dd>Set a CSS class name for the given line. <code>line</code>
1830 can be a number or a line handle. <code>where</code> determines
1831 to which element this class should be applied, can be one
1832 of <code>"text"</code> (the text element, which lies in front of
1833 the selection), <code>"background"</code> (a background element
1834 that will be behind the selection), <code>"gutter"</code> (the
1835 line's gutter space), or <code>"wrap"</code> (the wrapper node
1836 that wraps all of the line's elements, including gutter
1837 elements). <code>class</code> should be the name of the class to
1838 apply.</dd>
1839
1840 <dt id="removeLineClass"><code><strong>doc.removeLineClass</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, where: string, class: string) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1841 <dd>Remove a CSS class from a line. <code>line</code> can be a
1842 line handle or number. <code>where</code> should be one
1843 of <code>"text"</code>, <code>"background"</code>,
1844 or <code>"wrap"</code>
1845 (see <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a>). <code>class</code>
1846 can be left off to remove all classes for the specified node, or
1847 be a string to remove only a specific class.</dd>
1848
1849 <dt id="lineInfo"><code><strong>doc.lineInfo</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle) → object</code></dt>
1850 <dd>Returns the line number, text content, and marker status of
1851 the given line, which can be either a number or a line handle.
1852 The returned object has the structure <code>{line, handle, text,
1853 gutterMarkers, textClass, bgClass, wrapClass, widgets}</code>,
1854 where <code>gutterMarkers</code> is an object mapping gutter IDs
1855 to marker elements, and <code>widgets</code> is an array
1856 of <a href="#addLineWidget">line widgets</a> attached to this
1857 line, and the various class properties refer to classes added
1858 with <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a>.</dd>
1859
1860 <dt id="addWidget"><code><strong>cm.addWidget</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, node: Element, scrollIntoView: boolean)</code></dt>
1861 <dd>Puts <code>node</code>, which should be an absolutely
1862 positioned DOM node, into the editor, positioned right below the
1863 given <code>{line, ch}</code> position.
1864 When <code>scrollIntoView</code> is true, the editor will ensure
1865 that the entire node is visible (if possible). To remove the
1866 widget again, simply use DOM methods (move it somewhere else, or
1867 call <code>removeChild</code> on its parent).</dd>
1868
1869 <dt id="addLineWidget"><code><strong>doc.addLineWidget</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, node: Element, ?options: object) → LineWidget</code></dt>
1870 <dd>Adds a line widget, an element shown below a line, spanning
1871 the whole of the editor's width, and moving the lines below it
1872 downwards. <code>line</code> should be either an integer or a
1873 line handle, and <code>node</code> should be a DOM node, which
1874 will be displayed below the given line. <code>options</code>,
1875 when given, should be an object that configures the behavior of
1876 the widget. The following options are supported (all default to
1877 false):
1878 <dl>
1879 <dt><code><strong>coverGutter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1880 <dd>Whether the widget should cover the gutter.</dd>
1881 <dt><code><strong>noHScroll</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1882 <dd>Whether the widget should stay fixed in the face of
1883 horizontal scrolling.</dd>
1884 <dt><code><strong>above</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1885 <dd>Causes the widget to be placed above instead of below
1886 the text of the line.</dd>
1887 <dt><code><strong>handleMouseEvents</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1888 <dd>Determines whether the editor will capture mouse and
1889 drag events occurring in this widget. Default is false—the
1890 events will be left alone for the default browser handler,
1891 or specific handlers on the widget, to capture.</dd>
1892 <dt><code><strong>insertAt</strong>: integer</code></dt>
1893 <dd>By default, the widget is added below other widgets for
1894 the line. This option can be used to place it at a different
1895 position (zero for the top, N to put it after the Nth other
1896 widget). Note that this only has effect once, when the
1897 widget is created.
1898 <dt><code><strong>className</strong>: string</code></dt>
1899 <dd>Add an extra CSS class name to the wrapper element
1900 created for the widget.</dd>
1901 </dl>
1902 Note that the widget node will become a descendant of nodes with
1903 CodeMirror-specific CSS classes, and those classes might in some
1904 cases affect it. This method returns an object that represents
1905 the widget placement. It'll have a <code>line</code> property
1906 pointing at the line handle that it is associated with, and the following methods:
1907 <dl>
1908 <dt id="widget_clear"><code><strong>clear</strong>()</code></dt><dd>Removes the widget.</dd>
1909 <dt id="widget_changed"><code><strong>changed</strong>()</code></dt><dd>Call
1910 this if you made some change to the widget's DOM node that
1911 might affect its height. It'll force CodeMirror to update
1912 the height of the line that contains the widget.</dd>
1913 </dl>
1914 </dd>
1915 </dl>
1916
1917 <h3 id="api_sizing">Sizing, scrolling and positioning methods</h3>
1918
1919 <dl>
1920 <dt id="setSize"><code><strong>cm.setSize</strong>(width: number|string, height: number|string)</code></dt>
1921 <dd>Programmatically set the size of the editor (overriding the
1922 applicable <a href="#css-resize">CSS
1923 rules</a>). <code>width</code> and <code>height</code>
1924 can be either numbers (interpreted as pixels) or CSS units
1925 (<code>"100%"</code>, for example). You can
1926 pass <code>null</code> for either of them to indicate that that
1927 dimension should not be changed.</dd>
1928
1929 <dt id="scrollTo"><code><strong>cm.scrollTo</strong>(x: number, y: number)</code></dt>
1930 <dd>Scroll the editor to a given (pixel) position. Both
1931 arguments may be left as <code>null</code>
1932 or <code>undefined</code> to have no effect.</dd>
1933 <dt id="getScrollInfo"><code><strong>cm.getScrollInfo</strong>() → {left, top, width, height, clientWidth, clientHeight}</code></dt>
1934 <dd>Get an <code>{left, top, width, height, clientWidth,
1935 clientHeight}</code> object that represents the current scroll
1936 position, the size of the scrollable area, and the size of the
1937 visible area (minus scrollbars).</dd>
1938 <dt id="scrollIntoView"><code><strong>cm.scrollIntoView</strong>(what: {line, ch}|{left, top, right, bottom}|{from, to}|null, ?margin: number)</code></dt>
1939 <dd>Scrolls the given position into view. <code>what</code> may
1940 be <code>null</code> to scroll the cursor into view,
1941 a <code>{line, ch}</code> position to scroll a character into
1942 view, a <code>{left, top, right, bottom}</code> pixel range (in
1943 editor-local coordinates), or a range <code>{from, to}</code>
1944 containing either two character positions or two pixel squares.
1945 The <code>margin</code> parameter is optional. When given, it
1946 indicates the amount of vertical pixels around the given area
1947 that should be made visible as well.</dd>
1948
1949 <dt id="cursorCoords"><code><strong>cm.cursorCoords</strong>(where: boolean|{line, ch}, mode: string) → {left, top, bottom}</code></dt>
1950 <dd>Returns an <code>{left, top, bottom}</code> object
1951 containing the coordinates of the cursor position.
1952 If <code>mode</code> is <code>"local"</code>, they will be
1953 relative to the top-left corner of the editable document. If it
1954 is <code>"page"</code> or not given, they are relative to the
1955 top-left corner of the page. If <code>mode</code>
1956 is <code>"window"</code>, the coordinates are relative to the
1957 top-left corner of the currently visible (scrolled)
1958 window. <code>where</code> can be a boolean indicating whether
1959 you want the start (<code>true</code>) or the end
1960 (<code>false</code>) of the selection, or, if a <code>{line,
1961 ch}</code> object is given, it specifies the precise position at
1962 which you want to measure.</dd>
1963 <dt id="charCoords"><code><strong>cm.charCoords</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, ?mode: string) → {left, right, top, bottom}</code></dt>
1964 <dd>Returns the position and dimensions of an arbitrary
1965 character. <code>pos</code> should be a <code>{line, ch}</code>
1966 object. This differs from <code>cursorCoords</code> in that
1967 it'll give the size of the whole character, rather than just the
1968 position that the cursor would have when it would sit at that
1969 position.</dd>
1970 <dt id="coordsChar"><code><strong>cm.coordsChar</strong>(object: {left, top}, ?mode: string) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1971 <dd>Given an <code>{left, top}</code> object (e.g. coordinates of a mouse event) returns
1972 the <code>{line, ch}</code> position that corresponds to it. The
1973 optional <code>mode</code> parameter determines relative to what
1974 the coordinates are interpreted. It may
1975 be <code>"window"</code>, <code>"page"</code> (the default),
1976 or <code>"local"</code>.</dd>
1977 <dt id="lineAtHeight"><code><strong>cm.lineAtHeight</strong>(height: number, ?mode: string) → number</code></dt>
1978 <dd>Computes the line at the given pixel
1979 height. <code>mode</code> can be one of the same strings
1980 that <a href="#coordsChar"><code>coordsChar</code></a>
1981 accepts.</dd>
1982 <dt id="heightAtLine"><code><strong>cm.heightAtLine</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, ?mode: string, ?includeWidgets: bool) → number</code></dt>
1983 <dd>Computes the height of the top of a line, in the coordinate
1984 system specified by <code>mode</code>
1985 (see <a href="#coordsChar"><code>coordsChar</code></a>), which
1986 defaults to <code>"page"</code>. When a line below the bottom of
1987 the document is specified, the returned value is the bottom of
1988 the last line in the document. By default, the position of the
1989 actual text is returned. If `includeWidgets` is true and the
1990 line has line widgets, the position above the first line widget
1991 is returned.</dd>
1992 <dt id="defaultTextHeight"><code><strong>cm.defaultTextHeight</strong>() → number</code></dt>
1993 <dd>Returns the line height of the default font for the editor.</dd>
1994 <dt id="defaultCharWidth"><code><strong>cm.defaultCharWidth</strong>() → number</code></dt>
1995 <dd>Returns the pixel width of an 'x' in the default font for
1996 the editor. (Note that for non-monospace fonts, this is mostly
1997 useless, and even for monospace fonts, non-ascii characters
1998 might have a different width).</dd>
1999
2000 <dt id="getViewport"><code><strong>cm.getViewport</strong>() → {from: number, to: number}</code></dt>
2001 <dd>Returns a <code>{from, to}</code> object indicating the
2002 start (inclusive) and end (exclusive) of the currently rendered
2003 part of the document. In big documents, when most content is
2004 scrolled out of view, CodeMirror will only render the visible
2005 part, and a margin around it. See also
2006 the <a href="#event_viewportChange"><code>viewportChange</code></a>
2007 event.</dd>
2008
2009 <dt id="refresh"><code><strong>cm.refresh</strong>()</code></dt>
2010 <dd>If your code does something to change the size of the editor
2011 element (window resizes are already listened for), or unhides
2012 it, you should probably follow up by calling this method to
2013 ensure CodeMirror is still looking as intended. See also
2014 the <a href="#addon_autorefresh">autorefresh addon</a>.</dd>
2015 </dl>
2016
2017 <h3 id="api_mode">Mode, state, and token-related methods</h3>
2018
2019 <p>When writing language-aware functionality, it can often be
2020 useful to hook into the knowledge that the CodeMirror language
2021 mode has. See <a href="#modeapi">the section on modes</a> for a
2022 more detailed description of how these work.</p>
2023
2024 <dl>
2025 <dt id="getMode"><code><strong>doc.getMode</strong>() → object</code></dt>
2026 <dd>Gets the (outer) mode object for the editor. Note that this
2027 is distinct from <code>getOption("mode")</code>, which gives you
2028 the mode specification, rather than the resolved, instantiated
2029 <a href="#defineMode">mode object</a>.</dd>
2030
2031 <dt id="getModeAt"><code><strong>cm.getModeAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → object</code></dt>
2032 <dd>Gets the inner mode at a given position. This will return
2033 the same as <a href="#getMode"><code>getMode</code></a> for
2034 simple modes, but will return an inner mode for nesting modes
2035 (such as <code>htmlmixed</code>).</dd>
2036
2037 <dt id="getTokenAt"><code><strong>cm.getTokenAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, ?precise: boolean) → object</code></dt>
2038 <dd>Retrieves information about the token the current mode found
2039 before the given position (a <code>{line, ch}</code> object). The
2040 returned object has the following properties:
2041 <dl>
2042 <dt><code><strong>start</strong></code></dt><dd>The character (on the given line) at which the token starts.</dd>
2043 <dt><code><strong>end</strong></code></dt><dd>The character at which the token ends.</dd>
2044 <dt><code><strong>string</strong></code></dt><dd>The token's string.</dd>
2045 <dt><code><strong>type</strong></code></dt><dd>The token type the mode assigned
2046 to the token, such as <code>"keyword"</code>
2047 or <code>"comment"</code> (may also be null).</dd>
2048 <dt><code><strong>state</strong></code></dt><dd>The mode's state at the end of this token.</dd>
2049 </dl>
2050 If <code>precise</code> is true, the token will be guaranteed to be accurate based on recent edits. If false or
2051 not specified, the token will use cached state information, which will be faster but might not be accurate if
2052 edits were recently made and highlighting has not yet completed.
2053 </dd>
2054
2055 <dt id="getLineTokens"><code><strong>cm.getLineTokens</strong>(line: integer, ?precise: boolean) → array&lt;{start, end, string, type, state}&gt;</code></dt>
2056 <dd>This is similar
2057 to <a href="#getTokenAt"><code>getTokenAt</code></a>, but
2058 collects all tokens for a given line into an array. It is much
2059 cheaper than repeatedly calling <code>getTokenAt</code>, which
2060 re-parses the part of the line before the token for every call.</dd>
2061
2062 <dt id="getTokenTypeAt"><code><strong>cm.getTokenTypeAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → string</code></dt>
2063 <dd>This is a (much) cheaper version
2064 of <a href="#getTokenAt"><code>getTokenAt</code></a> useful for
2065 when you just need the type of the token at a given position,
2066 and no other information. Will return <code>null</code> for
2067 unstyled tokens, and a string, potentially containing multiple
2068 space-separated style names, otherwise.</dd>
2069
2070 <dt id="getHelpers"><code><strong>cm.getHelpers</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, type: string) → array&lt;helper&gt;</code></dt>
2071 <dd>Fetch the set of applicable helper values for the given
2072 position. Helpers provide a way to look up functionality
2073 appropriate for a mode. The <code>type</code> argument provides
2074 the helper namespace (see
2075 <a href="#registerHelper"><code>registerHelper</code></a>), in
2076 which the values will be looked up. When the mode itself has a
2077 property that corresponds to the <code>type</code>, that
2078 directly determines the keys that are used to look up the helper
2079 values (it may be either a single string, or an array of
2080 strings). Failing that, the mode's <code>helperType</code>
2081 property and finally the mode's name are used.</dd>
2082 <dd>For example, the JavaScript mode has a
2083 property <code>fold</code> containing <code>"brace"</code>. When
2084 the <code>brace-fold</code> addon is loaded, that defines a
2085 helper named <code>brace</code> in the <code>fold</code>
2086 namespace. This is then used by
2087 the <a href="#addon_foldcode"><code>foldcode</code></a> addon to
2088 figure out that it can use that folding function to fold
2089 JavaScript code.</dd>
2090 <dd>When any <a href="#registerGlobalHelper">'global'</a>
2091 helpers are defined for the given namespace, their predicates
2092 are called on the current mode and editor, and all those that
2093 declare they are applicable will also be added to the array that
2094 is returned.</dd>
2095
2096 <dt id="getHelper"><code><strong>cm.getHelper</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, type: string) → helper</code></dt>
2097 <dd>Returns the first applicable helper value.
2098 See <a href="#getHelpers"><code>getHelpers</code></a>.</dd>
2099
2100 <dt id="getStateAfter"><code><strong>cm.getStateAfter</strong>(?line: integer, ?precise: boolean) → object</code></dt>
2101 <dd>Returns the mode's parser state, if any, at the end of the
2102 given line number. If no line number is given, the state at the
2103 end of the document is returned. This can be useful for storing
2104 parsing errors in the state, or getting other kinds of
2105 contextual information for a line. <code>precise</code> is defined
2106 as in <code>getTokenAt()</code>.</dd>
2107 </dl>
2108
2109 <h3 id="api_misc">Miscellaneous methods</h3>
2110
2111 <dl>
2112 <dt id="operation"><code><strong>cm.operation</strong>(func: () → any) → any</code></dt>
2113 <dd>CodeMirror internally buffers changes and only updates its
2114 DOM structure after it has finished performing some operation.
2115 If you need to perform a lot of operations on a CodeMirror
2116 instance, you can call this method with a function argument. It
2117 will call the function, buffering up all changes, and only doing
2118 the expensive update after the function returns. This can be a
2119 lot faster. The return value from this method will be the return
2120 value of your function.</dd>
2121
2122 <dt id="startOperation"><code><strong>cm.startOperation</strong>()</code></dt>
2123 <dt id="endOperation"><code><strong>cm.endOperation</strong>()</code></dt>
2124 <dd>In normal circumstances, use the above <code>operation</code>
2125 method. But if you want to buffer operations happening asynchronously,
2126 or that can't all be wrapped in a callback function, you can
2127 call <code>startOperation</code> to tell CodeMirror to start
2128 buffering changes, and <code>endOperation</code> to actually
2129 render all the updates. <em>Be careful:</em> if you use this
2130 API and forget to call <code>endOperation</code>, the editor will
2131 just never update.</dd>
2132
2133 <dt id="indentLine"><code><strong>cm.indentLine</strong>(line: integer, ?dir: string|integer)</code></dt>
2134 <dd>Adjust the indentation of the given line. The second
2135 argument (which defaults to <code>"smart"</code>) may be one of:
2136 <dl>
2137 <dt><code><strong>"prev"</strong></code></dt>
2138 <dd>Base indentation on the indentation of the previous line.</dd>
2139 <dt><code><strong>"smart"</strong></code></dt>
2140 <dd>Use the mode's smart indentation if available, behave
2141 like <code>"prev"</code> otherwise.</dd>
2142 <dt><code><strong>"add"</strong></code></dt>
2143 <dd>Increase the indentation of the line by
2144 one <a href="#option_indentUnit">indent unit</a>.</dd>
2145 <dt><code><strong>"subtract"</strong></code></dt>
2146 <dd>Reduce the indentation of the line.</dd>
2147 <dt><code><strong>&lt;integer></strong></code></dt>
2148 <dd>Add (positive number) or reduce (negative number) the
2149 indentation by the given amount of spaces.</dd>
2150 </dl></dd>
2151
2152 <dt id="toggleOverwrite"><code><strong>cm.toggleOverwrite</strong>(?value: boolean)</code></dt>
2153 <dd>Switches between overwrite and normal insert mode (when not
2154 given an argument), or sets the overwrite mode to a specific
2155 state (when given an argument).</dd>
2156
2157 <dt id="isReadOnly"><code><strong>cm.isReadOnly</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
2158 <dd>Tells you whether the editor's content can be edited by the
2159 user.</dd>
2160
2161 <dt id="lineSeparator"><code><strong>doc.lineSeparator</strong>()</code></dt>
2162 <dd>Returns the preferred line separator string for this
2163 document, as per the <a href="#option_lineSeparator">option</a>
2164 by the same name. When that option is <code>null</code>, the
2165 string <code>"\n"</code> is returned.</dd>
2166
2167 <dt id="execCommand"><code><strong>cm.execCommand</strong>(name: string)</code></dt>
2168 <dd>Runs the <a href="#commands">command</a> with the given name on the editor.</dd>
2169
2170 <dt id="posFromIndex"><code><strong>doc.posFromIndex</strong>(index: integer) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
2171 <dd>Calculates and returns a <code>{line, ch}</code> object for a
2172 zero-based <code>index</code> who's value is relative to the start of the
2173 editor's text. If the <code>index</code> is out of range of the text then
2174 the returned object is clipped to start or end of the text
2175 respectively.</dd>
2176 <dt id="indexFromPos"><code><strong>doc.indexFromPos</strong>(object: {line, ch}) → integer</code></dt>
2177 <dd>The reverse of <a href="#posFromIndex"><code>posFromIndex</code></a>.</dd>
2178
2179 <dt id="focus"><code><strong>cm.focus</strong>()</code></dt>
2180 <dd>Give the editor focus.</dd>
2181
2182 <dt id="phrase"><code><strong>cm.phrase</strong>(text: string) → string</code></dt>
2183 <dd>Allow the given string to be translated with
2184 the <a href="#option_phrases"><code>phrases</code>
2185 option</a>.</dd>
2186
2187 <dt id="getInputField"><code><strong>cm.getInputField</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
2188 <dd>Returns the input field for the editor. Will be a textarea
2189 or an editable div, depending on the value of
2190 the <a href="#option_inputStyle"><code>inputStyle</code></a>
2191 option.</dd>
2192 <dt id="getWrapperElement"><code><strong>cm.getWrapperElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
2193 <dd>Returns the DOM node that represents the editor, and
2194 controls its size. Remove this from your tree to delete an
2195 editor instance.</dd>
2196 <dt id="getScrollerElement"><code><strong>cm.getScrollerElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
2197 <dd>Returns the DOM node that is responsible for the scrolling
2198 of the editor.</dd>
2199 <dt id="getGutterElement"><code><strong>cm.getGutterElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
2200 <dd>Fetches the DOM node that contains the editor gutters.</dd>
2201 </dl>
2202
2203 <h3 id="api_static">Static properties</h3>
2204 <p>The <code>CodeMirror</code> object itself provides
2205 several useful properties.</p>
2206
2207 <dl>
2208 <dt id="version"><code><strong>CodeMirror.version</strong>: string</code></dt>
2209 <dd>It contains a string that indicates the version of the
2210 library. This is a triple of
2211 integers <code>"major.minor.patch"</code>,
2212 where <code>patch</code> is zero for releases, and something
2213 else (usually one) for dev snapshots.</dd>
2214
2215 <dt id="fromTextArea"><code><strong>CodeMirror.fromTextArea</strong>(textArea: TextAreaElement, ?config: object)</code></dt>
2216 <dd>This method provides another way to initialize an editor. It
2217 takes a textarea DOM node as first argument and an optional
2218 configuration object as second. It will replace the textarea
2219 with a CodeMirror instance, and wire up the form of that
2220 textarea (if any) to make sure the editor contents are put into
2221 the textarea when the form is submitted. The text in the
2222 textarea will provide the content for the editor. A CodeMirror
2223 instance created this way has three additional methods:
2224 <dl>
2225 <dt id="save"><code><strong>cm.save</strong>()</code></dt>
2226 <dd>Copy the content of the editor into the textarea.</dd>
2227
2228 <dt id="toTextArea"><code><strong>cm.toTextArea</strong>()</code></dt>
2229 <dd>Remove the editor, and restore the original textarea (with
2230 the editor's current content). If you dynamically create and
2231 destroy editors made with `fromTextArea`, without destroying
2232 the form they are part of, you should make sure to call
2233 `toTextArea` to remove the editor, or its `"submit"` handler
2234 on the form will cause a memory leak.</dd>
2235
2236 <dt id="getTextArea"><code><strong>cm.getTextArea</strong>() → TextAreaElement</code></dt>
2237 <dd>Returns the textarea that the instance was based on.</dd>
2238 </dl>
2239 </dd>
2240
2241 <dt id="defaults"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defaults</strong>: object</code></dt>
2242 <dd>An object containing default values for
2243 all <a href="#config">options</a>. You can assign to its
2244 properties to modify defaults (though this won't affect editors
2245 that have already been created).</dd>
2246
2247 <dt id="defineExtension"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineExtension</strong>(name: string, value: any)</code></dt>
2248 <dd>If you want to define extra methods in terms of the
2249 CodeMirror API, it is possible to
2250 use <code>defineExtension</code>. This will cause the given
2251 value (usually a method) to be added to all CodeMirror instances
2252 created from then on.</dd>
2253
2254 <dt id="defineDocExtension"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineDocExtension</strong>(name: string, value: any)</code></dt>
2255 <dd>Like <a href="#defineExtension"><code>defineExtension</code></a>,
2256 but the method will be added to the interface
2257 for <a href="#Doc"><code>Doc</code></a> objects instead.</dd>
2258
2259 <dt id="defineOption"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineOption</strong>(name: string,
2260 default: any, updateFunc: function)</code></dt>
2261 <dd>Similarly, <code>defineOption</code> can be used to define new options for
2262 CodeMirror. The <code>updateFunc</code> will be called with the
2263 editor instance and the new value when an editor is initialized,
2264 and whenever the option is modified
2265 through <a href="#setOption"><code>setOption</code></a>.</dd>
2266
2267 <dt id="defineInitHook"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineInitHook</strong>(func: function)</code></dt>
2268 <dd>If your extension just needs to run some
2269 code whenever a CodeMirror instance is initialized,
2270 use <code>CodeMirror.defineInitHook</code>. Give it a function as
2271 its only argument, and from then on, that function will be called
2272 (with the instance as argument) whenever a new CodeMirror instance
2273 is initialized.</dd>
2274
2275 <dt id="registerHelper"><code><strong>CodeMirror.registerHelper</strong>(type: string, name: string, value: helper)</code></dt>
2276 <dd>Registers a helper value with the given <code>name</code> in
2277 the given namespace (<code>type</code>). This is used to define
2278 functionality that may be looked up by mode. Will create (if it
2279 doesn't already exist) a property on the <code>CodeMirror</code>
2280 object for the given <code>type</code>, pointing to an object
2281 that maps names to values. I.e. after
2282 doing <code>CodeMirror.registerHelper("hint", "foo",
2283 myFoo)</code>, the value <code>CodeMirror.hint.foo</code> will
2284 point to <code>myFoo</code>.</dd>
2285
2286 <dt id="registerGlobalHelper"><code><strong>CodeMirror.registerGlobalHelper</strong>(type: string, name: string, predicate: fn(mode, CodeMirror), value: helper)</code></dt>
2287 <dd>Acts
2288 like <a href="#registerHelper"><code>registerHelper</code></a>,
2289 but also registers this helper as 'global', meaning that it will
2290 be included by <a href="#getHelpers"><code>getHelpers</code></a>
2291 whenever the given <code>predicate</code> returns true when
2292 called with the local mode and editor.</dd>
2293
2294 <dt id="Pos"><code><strong>CodeMirror.Pos</strong>(line: integer, ?ch: integer, ?sticky: string)</code></dt>
2295 <dd>A constructor for the objects that are used to represent
2296 positions in editor documents. <code>sticky</code> defaults to
2297 null, but can be set to <code>"before"</code>
2298 or <code>"after"</code> to make the position explicitly
2299 associate with the character before or after it.</dd>
2300
2301 <dt id="changeEnd"><code><strong>CodeMirror.changeEnd</strong>(change: object) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
2302 <dd>Utility function that computes an end position from a change
2303 (an object with <code>from</code>, <code>to</code>,
2304 and <code>text</code> properties, as passed to
2305 various <a href="#event_change">event handlers</a>). The
2306 returned position will be the end of the changed
2307 range, <em>after</em> the change is applied.</dd>
2308
2309 <dt id="countColumn"><code><strong>CodeMirror.countColumn</strong>(line: string, index: number, tabSize: number) → number</code></dt>
2310 <dd>Find the column position at a given string index using a given tabsize.</dd>
2311 </dl>
2312 </section>
2313
2314 <section id=addons>
2315 <h2 id="addons">Addons</h2>
2316
2317 <p>The <code>addon</code> directory in the distribution contains a
2318 number of reusable components that implement extra editor
2319 functionality (on top of extension functions
2320 like <a href="#defineOption"><code>defineOption</code></a>, <a href="#defineExtension"><code>defineExtension</code></a>,
2321 and <a href="#registerHelper"><code>registerHelper</code></a>). In
2322 brief, they are:</p>
2323
2324 <dl>
2325 <dt id="addon_dialog"><a href="../addon/dialog/dialog.js"><code>dialog/dialog.js</code></a></dt>
2326 <dd>Provides a very simple way to query users for text input.
2327 Adds the <strong><code>openDialog(template, callback, options) →
2328 closeFunction</code></strong> method to CodeMirror instances,
2329 which can be called with an HTML fragment or a detached DOM
2330 node that provides the prompt (should include an <code>input</code>
2331 or <code>button</code> tag), and a callback function that is called
2332 when the user presses enter. It returns a function <code>closeFunction</code>
2333 which, if called, will close the dialog immediately.
2334 <strong><code>openDialog</code></strong> takes the following options:
2335 <dl>
2336 <dt><code><strong>closeOnEnter</strong>: bool</code></dt>
2337 <dd>If true, the dialog will be closed when the user presses
2338 enter in the input. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</dd>
2339 <dt><code><strong>closeOnBlur</strong>: bool</code></dt>
2340 <dd>Determines whether the dialog is closed when it loses focus. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</dd>
2341 <dt><code><strong>onKeyDown</strong>: fn(event: KeyboardEvent, value: string, close: fn()) → bool</code></dt>
2342 <dd>An event handler that will be called whenever <code>keydown</code> fires in the
2343 dialog's input. If your callback returns <code>true</code>,
2344 the dialog will not do any further processing of the event.</dd>
2345 <dt><code><strong>onKeyUp</strong>: fn(event: KeyboardEvent, value: string, close: fn()) → bool</code></dt>
2346 <dd>Same as <code>onKeyDown</code> but for the
2347 <code>keyup</code> event.</dd>
2348 <dt><code><strong>onInput</strong>: fn(event: InputEvent, value: string, close: fn()) → bool</code></dt>
2349 <dd>Same as <code>onKeyDown</code> but for the
2350 <code>input</code> event.</dd>
2351 <dt><code><strong>onClose</strong>: fn(instance)</code>:</dt>
2352 <dd>A callback that will be called after the dialog has been closed and
2353 removed from the DOM. No return value.</dd>
2354 </dl>
2355
2356 <p>Also adds an <strong><code>openNotification(template, options) →
2357 closeFunction</code></strong> function that simply shows an HTML
2358 fragment as a notification at the top of the editor. It takes a
2359 single option: <code>duration</code>, the amount of time after
2360 which the notification will be automatically closed. If <code>
2361 duration</code> is zero, the dialog will not be closed automatically.</p>
2362
2363 <p>Depends on <code>addon/dialog/dialog.css</code>.</p></dd>
2364
2365 <dt id="addon_searchcursor"><a href="../addon/search/searchcursor.js"><code>search/searchcursor.js</code></a></dt>
2366 <dd>Adds the <code>getSearchCursor(query, start, options) →
2367 cursor</code> method to CodeMirror instances, which can be used
2368 to implement search/replace functionality. <code>query</code>
2369 can be a regular expression or a string. <code>start</code>
2370 provides the starting position of the search. It can be
2371 a <code>{line, ch}</code> object, or can be left off to default
2372 to the start of the document. <code>options</code> is an
2373 optional object, which can contain the property `caseFold:
2374 false` to disable case folding when matching a string, or the
2375 property `multiline: disable` to disable multi-line matching for
2376 regular expressions (which may help performance). A search
2377 cursor has the following methods:
2378 <dl>
2379 <dt><code><strong>findNext</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
2380 <dt><code><strong>findPrevious</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
2381 <dd>Search forward or backward from the current position.
2382 The return value indicates whether a match was found. If
2383 matching a regular expression, the return value will be the
2384 array returned by the <code>match</code> method, in case you
2385 want to extract matched groups.</dd>
2386 <dt><code><strong>from</strong>() → {line, ch}</code></dt>
2387 <dt><code><strong>to</strong>() → {line, ch}</code></dt>
2388 <dd>These are only valid when the last call
2389 to <code>findNext</code> or <code>findPrevious</code> did
2390 not return false. They will return <code>{line, ch}</code>
2391 objects pointing at the start and end of the match.</dd>
2392 <dt><code><strong>replace</strong>(text: string, ?origin: string)</code></dt>
2393 <dd>Replaces the currently found match with the given text
2394 and adjusts the cursor position to reflect the
2395 replacement.</dd>
2396 </dl></dd>
2397
2398 <dt id="addon_search"><a href="../addon/search/search.js"><code>search/search.js</code></a></dt>
2399 <dd>Implements the search commands. CodeMirror has keys bound to
2400 these by default, but will not do anything with them unless an
2401 implementation is provided. Depends
2402 on <code>searchcursor.js</code>, and will make use
2403 of <a href="#addon_dialog"><code>openDialog</code></a> when
2404 available to make prompting for search queries less ugly.</dd>
2405
2406 <dt id="addon_jump-to-line"><a href="../addon/search/jump-to-line.js"><code>search/jump-to-line.js</code></a></dt>
2407 <dd>Implements a <code>jumpToLine</code> command and binding <code>Alt-G</code> to it.
2408 Accepts <code>linenumber</code>, <code>+/-linenumber</code>, <code>line:char</code>,
2409 <code>scroll%</code> and <code>:linenumber</code> formats.
2410 This will make use of <a href="#addon_dialog"><code>openDialog</code></a>
2411 when available to make prompting for line number neater.</dd> Demo available <a href="https://codemirror.net/5/demo/search.html">here</a>.
2412
2413 <dt id="addon_matchesonscrollbar"><a href="../addon/search/matchesonscrollbar.js"><code>search/matchesonscrollbar.js</code></a></dt>
2414 <dd>Adds a <code>showMatchesOnScrollbar</code> method to editor
2415 instances, which should be given a query (string or regular
2416 expression), optionally a case-fold flag (only applicable for
2417 strings), and optionally a class name (defaults
2418 to <code>CodeMirror-search-match</code>) as arguments. When
2419 called, matches of the given query will be displayed on the
2420 editor's vertical scrollbar. The method returns an object with
2421 a <code>clear</code> method that can be called to remove the
2422 matches. Depends on
2423 the <a href="#addon_annotatescrollbar"><code>annotatescrollbar</code></a>
2424 addon, and
2425 the <a href="../addon/search/matchesonscrollbar.css"><code>matchesonscrollbar.css</code></a>
2426 file provides a default (transparent yellowish) definition of
2427 the CSS class applied to the matches. Note that the matches are
2428 only perfectly aligned if your scrollbar does not have buttons
2429 at the top and bottom. You can use
2430 the <a href="#addon_simplescrollbars"><code>simplescrollbar</code></a>
2431 addon to make sure of this. If this addon is loaded,
2432 the <a href="#addon_search"><code>search</code></a> addon will
2433 automatically use it.</dd>
2434
2435 <dt id="addon_matchbrackets"><a href="../addon/edit/matchbrackets.js"><code>edit/matchbrackets.js</code></a></dt>
2436 <dd>Defines an option <code>matchBrackets</code> which, when set
2437 to true or an options object, causes matching brackets to be
2438 highlighted whenever the cursor is next to them. It also adds a
2439 method <code>matchBrackets</code> that forces this to happen
2440 once, and a method <code>findMatchingBracket</code> that can be
2441 used to run the bracket-finding algorithm that this uses
2442 internally. It takes a start position and an optional config
2443 object. By default, it will find the match to a matchable
2444 character either before or after the cursor (preferring the one
2445 before), but you can control its behavior with these options:
2446 <dl>
2447 <dt><strong><code>afterCursor</code></strong></dt>
2448 <dd>Only use the character after the start position, never the one before it.</dd>
2449 <dt><strong><code>highlightNonMatching</code></strong></dt>
2450 <dd>Also highlight pairs of non-matching as well as stray brackets. Enabled by default.</dd>
2451 <dt><strong><code>strict</code></strong></dt>
2452 <dd>Causes only matches where both brackets are at the same side of the start position to be considered.</dd>
2453 <dt><strong><code>maxScanLines</code></strong></dt>
2454 <dd>Stop after scanning this amount of lines without a successful match. Defaults to 1000.</dd>
2455 <dt><strong><code>maxScanLineLength</code></strong></dt>
2456 <dd>Ignore lines longer than this. Defaults to 10000.</dd>
2457 <dt><strong><code>maxHighlightLineLength</code></strong></dt>
2458 <dd>Don't highlight a bracket in a line longer than this. Defaults to 1000.</dd>
2459 </dl></dd>
2460
2461 <dt id="addon_closebrackets"><a href="../addon/edit/closebrackets.js"><code>edit/closebrackets.js</code></a></dt>
2462 <dd>Defines an option <code>autoCloseBrackets</code> that will
2463 auto-close brackets and quotes when typed. By default, it'll
2464 auto-close <code>()[]{}''""</code>, but you can pass it a string
2465 similar to that (containing pairs of matching characters), or an
2466 object with <code>pairs</code> and
2467 optionally <code>explode</code> properties to customize
2468 it. <code>explode</code> should be a similar string that gives
2469 the pairs of characters that, when enter is pressed between
2470 them, should have the second character also moved to its own
2471 line. By default, if the active mode has
2472 a <code>closeBrackets</code> property, that overrides the
2473 configuration given in the option. But you can add
2474 an <code>override</code> property with a truthy value to
2475 override mode-specific
2476 configuration. <a href="../demo/closebrackets.html">Demo
2477 here</a>.</dd>
2478
2479 <dt id="addon_matchtags"><a href="../addon/edit/matchtags.js"><code>edit/matchtags.js</code></a></dt>
2480 <dd>Defines an option <code>matchTags</code> that, when enabled,
2481 will cause the tags around the cursor to be highlighted (using
2482 the <code>CodeMirror-matchingtag</code> class). Also
2483 defines
2484 a <a href="#commands">command</a> <code>toMatchingTag</code>,
2485 which you can bind a key to in order to jump to the tag matching
2486 the one under the cursor. Depends on
2487 the <code>addon/fold/xml-fold.js</code>
2488 addon. <a href="../demo/matchtags.html">Demo here.</a></dd>
2489
2490 <dt id="addon_trailingspace"><a href="../addon/edit/trailingspace.js"><code>edit/trailingspace.js</code></a></dt>
2491 <dd>Adds an option <code>showTrailingSpace</code> which, when
2492 enabled, adds the CSS class <code>cm-trailingspace</code> to
2493 stretches of whitespace at the end of lines.
2494 The <a href="../demo/trailingspace.html">demo</a> has a nice
2495 squiggly underline style for this class.</dd>
2496
2497 <dt id="addon_closetag"><a href="../addon/edit/closetag.js"><code>edit/closetag.js</code></a></dt>
2498 <dd>Defines an <code>autoCloseTags</code> option that will
2499 auto-close XML tags when '<code>&gt;</code>' or '<code>/</code>'
2500 is typed, and
2501 a <code>closeTag</code> <a href="#commands">command</a> that
2502 closes the nearest open tag. Depends on
2503 the <code>fold/xml-fold.js</code> addon. See
2504 the <a href="../demo/closetag.html">demo</a>.</dd>
2505
2506 <dt id="addon_continuelist"><a href="../addon/edit/continuelist.js"><code>edit/continuelist.js</code></a></dt>
2507 <dd>Markdown specific. Defines
2508 a <code>"newlineAndIndentContinueMarkdownList"</code> <a href="#commands">command</a>
2509 that can be bound to <code>enter</code> to automatically
2510 insert the leading characters for continuing a list. See
2511 the <a href="../mode/markdown/index.html">Markdown mode
2512 demo</a>.</dd>
2513
2514 <dt id="addon_comment"><a href="../addon/comment/comment.js"><code>comment/comment.js</code></a></dt>
2515 <dd>Addon for commenting and uncommenting code. Adds four
2516 methods to CodeMirror instances:
2517 <dl>
2518 <dt id="toggleComment"><code><strong>toggleComment</strong>(?options: object)</code></dt>
2519 <dd>Tries to uncomment the current selection, and if that
2520 fails, line-comments it.</dd>
2521 <dt id="lineComment"><code><strong>lineComment</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
2522 <dd>Set the lines in the given range to be line comments. Will
2523 fall back to <code>blockComment</code> when no line comment
2524 style is defined for the mode.</dd>
2525 <dt id="blockComment"><code><strong>blockComment</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
2526 <dd>Wrap the code in the given range in a block comment. Will
2527 fall back to <code>lineComment</code> when no block comment
2528 style is defined for the mode.</dd>
2529 <dt id="uncomment"><code><strong>uncomment</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object) → boolean</code></dt>
2530 <dd>Try to uncomment the given range.
2531 Returns <code>true</code> if a comment range was found and
2532 removed, <code>false</code> otherwise.</dd>
2533 </dl>
2534 The <code>options</code> object accepted by these methods may
2535 have the following properties:
2536 <dl>
2537 <dt><code>blockCommentStart, blockCommentEnd, blockCommentLead, lineComment: string</code></dt>
2538 <dd>Override the <a href="#mode_comment">comment string
2539 properties</a> of the mode with custom comment strings.</dd>
2540 <dt><code><strong>padding</strong>: string</code></dt>
2541 <dd>A string that will be inserted after opening and leading
2542 markers, and before closing comment markers. Defaults to a
2543 single space.</dd>
2544 <dt><code><strong>commentBlankLines</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2545 <dd>Whether, when adding line comments, to also comment lines
2546 that contain only whitespace.</dd>
2547 <dt><code><strong>indent</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2548 <dd>When adding line comments and this is turned on, it will
2549 align the comment block to the current indentation of the
2550 first line of the block.</dd>
2551 <dt><code><strong>fullLines</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2552 <dd>When block commenting, this controls whether the whole
2553 lines are indented, or only the precise range that is given.
2554 Defaults to <code>true</code>.</dd>
2555 </dl>
2556 The addon also defines
2557 a <code>toggleComment</code> <a href="#commands">command</a>,
2558 which is a shorthand command for calling
2559 <code>toggleComment</code> with no options.</dd>
2560
2561 <dt id="addon_foldcode"><a href="../addon/fold/foldcode.js"><code>fold/foldcode.js</code></a></dt>
2562 <dd>Helps with code folding. Adds a <code>foldCode</code> method
2563 to editor instances, which will try to do a code fold starting
2564 at the given line, or unfold the fold that is already present.
2565 The method takes as first argument the position that should be
2566 folded (may be a line number or
2567 a <a href="#Pos"><code>Pos</code></a>), and as second optional
2568 argument either a range-finder function, or an options object,
2569 supporting the following properties:
2570 <dl>
2571 <dt><code><strong>rangeFinder</strong>: fn(CodeMirror, Pos)</code></dt>
2572 <dd id="helper_fold_auto">The function that is used to find
2573 foldable ranges. If this is not directly passed, it will
2574 default to <code>CodeMirror.fold.auto</code>, which
2575 uses <a href="#getHelpers"><code>getHelpers</code></a> with
2576 a <code>"fold"</code> type to find folding functions
2577 appropriate for the local mode. There are files in
2578 the <a href="../addon/fold/"><code>addon/fold/</code></a>
2579 directory providing <code>CodeMirror.fold.brace</code>, which
2580 finds blocks in brace languages (JavaScript, C, Java,
2581 etc), <code>CodeMirror.fold.indent</code>, for languages where
2582 indentation determines block structure (Python, Haskell),
2583 and <code>CodeMirror.fold.xml</code>, for XML-style languages,
2584 and <code>CodeMirror.fold.comment</code>, for folding comment
2585 blocks.</dd>
2586 <dt><code><strong>widget</strong>: string | Element | fn(from: Pos, to: Pos) → string|Element</code></dt>
2587 <dd>The widget to show for folded ranges. Can be either a
2588 string, in which case it'll become a span with
2589 class <code>CodeMirror-foldmarker</code>, or a DOM node.
2590 To dynamically generate the widget, this can be a function
2591 that returns a string or DOM node, which will then render
2592 as described. The function will be invoked with parameters
2593 identifying the range to be folded.</dd>
2594 <dt><code><strong>scanUp</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2595 <dd>When true (default is false), the addon will try to find
2596 foldable ranges on the lines above the current one if there
2597 isn't an eligible one on the given line.</dd>
2598 <dt><code><strong>minFoldSize</strong>: integer</code></dt>
2599 <dd>The minimum amount of lines that a fold should span to be
2600 accepted. Defaults to 0, which also allows single-line
2601 folds.</dd>
2602 </dl>
2603 See <a href="../demo/folding.html">the demo</a> for an
2604 example.</dd>
2605
2606 <dt id="addon_foldgutter"><a href="../addon/fold/foldgutter.js"><code>fold/foldgutter.js</code></a></dt>
2607 <dd>Provides an option <code>foldGutter</code>, which can be
2608 used to create a gutter with markers indicating the blocks that
2609 can be folded. Create a gutter using
2610 the <a href="#option_gutters"><code>gutters</code></a> option,
2611 giving it the class <code>CodeMirror-foldgutter</code> or
2612 something else if you configure the addon to use a different
2613 class, and this addon will show markers next to folded and
2614 foldable blocks, and handle clicks in this gutter. Note that
2615 CSS styles should be applied to make the gutter, and the fold
2616 markers within it, visible. A default set of CSS styles are
2617 available in:
2618 <a href="../addon/fold/foldgutter.css">
2619 <code>addon/fold/foldgutter.css</code>
2620 </a>.
2621 The option
2622 can be either set to <code>true</code>, or an object containing
2623 the following optional option fields:
2624 <dl>
2625 <dt><code><strong>gutter</strong>: string</code></dt>
2626 <dd>The CSS class of the gutter. Defaults
2627 to <code>"CodeMirror-foldgutter"</code>. You will have to
2628 style this yourself to give it a width (and possibly a
2629 background). See the default gutter style rules above.</dd>
2630 <dt><code><strong>indicatorOpen</strong>: string | Element</code></dt>
2631 <dd>A CSS class or DOM element to be used as the marker for
2632 open, foldable blocks. Defaults
2633 to <code>"CodeMirror-foldgutter-open"</code>.</dd>
2634 <dt><code><strong>indicatorFolded</strong>: string | Element</code></dt>
2635 <dd>A CSS class or DOM element to be used as the marker for
2636 folded blocks. Defaults to <code>"CodeMirror-foldgutter-folded"</code>.</dd>
2637 <dt><code><strong>rangeFinder</strong>: fn(CodeMirror, Pos)</code></dt>
2638 <dd>The range-finder function to use when determining whether
2639 something can be folded. When not
2640 given, <a href="#helper_fold_auto"><code>CodeMirror.fold.auto</code></a>
2641 will be used as default.</dd>
2642 </dl>
2643 The <code>foldOptions</code> editor option can be set to an
2644 object to provide an editor-wide default configuration.
2645 Demo <a href="../demo/folding.html">here</a>.</dd>
2646
2647 <dt id="addon_runmode"><a href="../addon/runmode/runmode.js"><code>runmode/runmode.js</code></a></dt>
2648 <dd>Can be used to run a CodeMirror mode over text without
2649 actually opening an editor instance.
2650 See <a href="../demo/runmode.html">the demo</a> for an example.
2651 There are alternate versions of the file available for
2652 running <a href="../addon/runmode/runmode-standalone.js">stand-alone</a>
2653 (without including all of CodeMirror) and
2654 for <a href="../addon/runmode/runmode.node.js">running under
2655 node.js</a> (see <code>bin/source-highlight</code> for an example of using the latter).</dd>
2656
2657 <dt id="addon_colorize"><a href="../addon/runmode/colorize.js"><code>runmode/colorize.js</code></a></dt>
2658 <dd>Provides a convenient way to syntax-highlight code snippets
2659 in a webpage. Depends on
2660 the <a href="#addon_runmode"><code>runmode</code></a> addon (or
2661 its standalone variant). Provides
2662 a <code>CodeMirror.colorize</code> function that can be called
2663 with an array (or other array-ish collection) of DOM nodes that
2664 represent the code snippets. By default, it'll get
2665 all <code>pre</code> tags. Will read the <code>data-lang</code>
2666 attribute of these nodes to figure out their language, and
2667 syntax-color their content using the relevant CodeMirror mode
2668 (you'll have to load the scripts for the relevant modes
2669 yourself). A second argument may be provided to give a default
2670 mode, used when no language attribute is found for a node. Used
2671 in this manual to highlight example code.</dd>
2672
2673 <dt id="addon_overlay"><a href="../addon/mode/overlay.js"><code>mode/overlay.js</code></a></dt>
2674 <dd>Mode combinator that can be used to extend a mode with an
2675 'overlay' — a secondary mode is run over the stream, along with
2676 the base mode, and can color specific pieces of text without
2677 interfering with the base mode.
2678 Defines <code>CodeMirror.overlayMode</code>, which is used to
2679 create such a mode. See <a href="../demo/mustache.html">this
2680 demo</a> for a detailed example.</dd>
2681
2682 <dt id="addon_multiplex"><a href="../addon/mode/multiplex.js"><code>mode/multiplex.js</code></a></dt>
2683 <dd>Mode combinator that can be used to easily 'multiplex'
2684 between several modes.
2685 Defines <code>CodeMirror.multiplexingMode</code> which, when
2686 given as first argument a mode object, and as other arguments
2687 any number of <code>{open, close, mode [, delimStyle, innerStyle, parseDelimiters]}</code>
2688 objects, will return a mode object that starts parsing using the
2689 mode passed as first argument, but will switch to another mode
2690 as soon as it encounters a string that occurs in one of
2691 the <code>open</code> fields of the passed objects. When in a
2692 sub-mode, it will go back to the top mode again when
2693 the <code>close</code> string is encountered.
2694 Pass <code>"\n"</code> for <code>open</code> or <code>close</code>
2695 if you want to switch on a blank line.
2696 <ul><li>When <code>delimStyle</code> is specified, it will be the token
2697 style returned for the delimiter tokens (as well as
2698 <code>[delimStyle]-open</code> on the opening token and
2699 <code>[delimStyle]-close</code> on the closing token).</li>
2700 <li>When <code>innerStyle</code> is specified, it will be the token
2701 style added for each inner mode token.</li>
2702 <li>When <code>parseDelimiters</code> is true, the content of
2703 the delimiters will also be passed to the inner mode.
2704 (And <code>delimStyle</code> is ignored.)</li></ul> The outer
2705 mode will not see the content between the delimiters.
2706 See <a href="../demo/multiplex.html">this demo</a> for an
2707 example.</dd>
2708
2709 <dt id="addon_show-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/show-hint.js"><code>hint/show-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2710 <dd>Provides a framework for showing autocompletion hints.
2711 Defines <code>editor.showHint</code>, which takes an optional
2712 options object, and pops up a widget that allows the user to
2713 select a completion. Finding hints is done with a hinting
2714 function (the <code>hint</code> option). This function
2715 takes an editor instance and an options object, and returns
2716 a <code>{list, from, to}</code> object, where <code>list</code>
2717 is an array of strings or objects (the completions),
2718 and <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> give the start and end
2719 of the token that is being completed as <code>{line, ch}</code>
2720 objects. An optional <code>selectedHint</code> property (an
2721 integer) can be added to the completion object to control the
2722 initially selected hint.</dd>
2723 <dd>If no hinting function is given, the addon will
2724 use <code>CodeMirror.hint.auto</code>, which
2725 calls <a href="#getHelpers"><code>getHelpers</code></a> with
2726 the <code>"hint"</code> type to find applicable hinting
2727 functions, and tries them one by one. If that fails, it looks
2728 for a <code>"hintWords"</code> helper to fetch a list of
2729 completeable words for the mode, and
2730 uses <code>CodeMirror.hint.fromList</code> to complete from
2731 those.</dd>
2732 <dd>When completions aren't simple strings, they should be
2733 objects with the following properties:
2734 <dl>
2735 <dt><code><strong>text</strong>: string</code></dt>
2736 <dd>The completion text. This is the only required
2737 property.</dd>
2738 <dt><code><strong>displayText</strong>: string</code></dt>
2739 <dd>The text that should be displayed in the menu.</dd>
2740 <dt><code><strong>className</strong>: string</code></dt>
2741 <dd>A CSS class name to apply to the completion's line in the
2742 menu.</dd>
2743 <dt><code><strong>render</strong>: fn(Element, self, data)</code></dt>
2744 <dd>A method used to create the DOM structure for showing the
2745 completion by appending it to its first argument.</dd>
2746 <dt><code><strong>hint</strong>: fn(CodeMirror, self, data)</code></dt>
2747 <dd>A method used to actually apply the completion, instead of
2748 the default behavior.</dd>
2749 <dt><code><strong>from</strong>: {line, ch}</code></dt>
2750 <dd>Optional <code>from</code> position that will be used by <code>pick()</code> instead
2751 of the global one passed with the full list of completions.</dd>
2752 <dt><code><strong>to</strong>: {line, ch}</code></dt>
2753 <dd>Optional <code>to</code> position that will be used by <code>pick()</code> instead
2754 of the global one passed with the full list of completions.</dd>
2755 </dl></dd>
2756
2757 <dd>The plugin understands the following options, which may be
2758 either passed directly in the argument to <code>showHint</code>,
2759 or provided by setting an <code>hintOptions</code> editor
2760 option to an object (the former takes precedence). The options
2761 object will also be passed along to the hinting function, which
2762 may understand additional options.
2763 <dl>
2764 <dt><code><strong>hint</strong>: function</code></dt>
2765 <dd>A hinting function, as specified above. It is possible to
2766 set the <code>async</code> property on a hinting function to
2767 true, in which case it will be called with
2768 arguments <code>(cm, callback, ?options)</code>, and the
2769 completion interface will only be popped up when the hinting
2770 function calls the callback, passing it the object holding the
2771 completions.
2772 The hinting function can also return a promise, and the completion
2773 interface will only be popped when the promise resolves.
2774 By default, hinting only works when there is no
2775 selection. You can give a hinting function
2776 a <code>supportsSelection</code> property with a truthy value
2777 to indicate that it supports selections.</dd>
2778 <dt><code><strong>completeSingle</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2779 <dd>Determines whether, when only a single completion is
2780 available, it is completed without showing the dialog.
2781 Defaults to true.</dd>
2782 <dt><code><strong>alignWithWord</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2783 <dd>Whether the pop-up should be horizontally aligned with the
2784 start of the word (true, default), or with the cursor (false).</dd>
2785 <dt><code><strong>closeCharacters</strong>: RegExp</code></dt>
2786 <dd>A regular expression object used to match characters which
2787 cause the pop up to be closed (default: <code>/[\s()\[\]{};:>,]/</code>).
2788 If the user types one of these characters, the pop up will close, and
2789 the <code>endCompletion</code> event is fired on the editor instance.</dd>
2790 <dt><code><strong>closeOnUnfocus</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2791 <dd>When enabled (which is the default), the pop-up will close
2792 when the editor is unfocused.</dd>
2793 <dt><code><strong>completeOnSingleClick</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2794 <dd>Whether a single click on a list item suffices to trigger the
2795 completion (which is the default), or if the user has to use a
2796 doubleclick.</dd>
2797 <dt><code><strong>container</strong>: Element|null</code></dt>
2798 <dd>Can be used to define a custom container for the widget. The default
2799 is <code>null</code>, in which case the <code>body</code>-element will
2800 be used.</dd>
2801 <dt><code><strong>customKeys</strong>: keymap</code></dt>
2802 <dd>Allows you to provide a custom key map of keys to be active
2803 when the pop-up is active. The handlers will be called with an
2804 extra argument, a handle to the completion menu, which
2805 has <code>moveFocus(n)</code>, <code>setFocus(n)</code>, <code>pick()</code>,
2806 and <code>close()</code> methods (see the source for details),
2807 that can be used to change the focused element, pick the
2808 current element or close the menu. Additionally <code>menuSize()</code>
2809 can give you access to the size of the current dropdown menu,
2810 <code>length</code> give you the number of available completions, and
2811 <code>data</code> give you full access to the completion returned by the
2812 hinting function.</dd>
2813 <dt><code><strong>extraKeys</strong>: keymap</code></dt>
2814 <dd>Like <code>customKeys</code> above, but the bindings will
2815 be added to the set of default bindings, instead of replacing
2816 them.</dd>
2817 <dt><code><strong>scrollMargin</strong>: integer</code></dt>
2818 <dd>Show this many lines before and after the selected item.
2819 Default is 0.</dd>
2820 </dl>
2821 The following events will be fired on the completions object
2822 during completion:
2823 <dl>
2824 <dt><code><strong>"shown"</strong> ()</code></dt>
2825 <dd>Fired when the pop-up is shown.</dd>
2826 <dt><code><strong>"select"</strong> (completion, Element)</code></dt>
2827 <dd>Fired when a completion is selected. Passed the completion
2828 value (string or object) and the DOM node that represents it
2829 in the menu.</dd>
2830 <dt><code><strong>"pick"</strong> (completion)</code></dt>
2831 <dd>Fired when a completion is picked. Passed the completion value
2832 (string or object).</dd>
2833 <dt><code><strong>"close"</strong> ()</code></dt>
2834 <dd>Fired when the completion is finished.</dd>
2835 </dl>
2836 The following events will be fired on the editor instance during
2837 completion:
2838 <dl>
2839 <dt><code><strong>"endCompletion"</strong> ()</code></dt>
2840 <dd>Fired when the pop-up is being closed programmatically, e.g., when
2841 the user types a character which matches the
2842 <code>closeCharacters</code> option.</dd>
2843 </dl>
2844 This addon depends on styles
2845 from <code>addon/hint/show-hint.css</code>. Check
2846 out <a href="../demo/complete.html">the demo</a> for an
2847 example.</dd>
2848
2849 <dt id="addon_javascript-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/javascript-hint.js"><code>hint/javascript-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2850 <dd>Defines a simple hinting function for JavaScript
2851 (<code>CodeMirror.hint.javascript</code>) and CoffeeScript
2852 (<code>CodeMirror.hint.coffeescript</code>) code. This will
2853 simply use the JavaScript environment that the editor runs in as
2854 a source of information about objects and their properties.</dd>
2855
2856 <dt id="addon_xml-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/xml-hint.js"><code>hint/xml-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2857 <dd>Defines <code>CodeMirror.hint.xml</code>, which produces
2858 hints for XML tagnames, attribute names, and attribute values,
2859 guided by a <code>schemaInfo</code> option (a property of the
2860 second argument passed to the hinting function, or the third
2861 argument passed to <code>CodeMirror.showHint</code>).<br>The
2862 schema info should be an object mapping tag names to information
2863 about these tags, with optionally a <code>"!top"</code> property
2864 containing a list of the names of valid top-level tags. The
2865 values of the properties should be objects with optional
2866 properties <code>children</code> (an array of valid child
2867 element names, omit to simply allow all tags to appear)
2868 and <code>attrs</code> (an object mapping attribute names
2869 to <code>null</code> for free-form attributes, and an array of
2870 valid values for restricted
2871 attributes).<br>The hint options accept an additional property:
2872 <dl>
2873 <dt><code><strong>matchInMiddle</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
2874 <dd>Determines whether typed characters are matched anywhere in
2875 completions, not just at the beginning. Defaults to false.</dd>
2876 </dl>
2877 <a href="../demo/xmlcomplete.html">Demo here</a>.</dd>
2878
2879 <dt id="addon_html-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/html-hint.js"><code>hint/html-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2880 <dd>Provides schema info to
2881 the <a href="#addon_xml-hint">xml-hint</a> addon for HTML
2882 documents. Defines a schema
2883 object <code>CodeMirror.htmlSchema</code> that you can pass to
2884 as a <code>schemaInfo</code> option, and
2885 a <code>CodeMirror.hint.html</code> hinting function that
2886 automatically calls <code>CodeMirror.hint.xml</code> with this
2887 schema data. See
2888 the <a href="../demo/html5complete.html">demo</a>.</dd>
2889
2890 <dt id="addon_css-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/css-hint.js"><code>hint/css-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2891 <dd>A hinting function for CSS, SCSS, or LESS code.
2892 Defines <code>CodeMirror.hint.css</code>.</dd>
2893
2894 <dt id="addon_anyword-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/anyword-hint.js"><code>hint/anyword-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2895 <dd>A very simple hinting function
2896 (<code>CodeMirror.hint.anyword</code>) that simply looks for
2897 words in the nearby code and completes to those. Takes two
2898 optional options, <code>word</code>, a regular expression that
2899 matches words (sequences of one or more character),
2900 and <code>range</code>, which defines how many lines the addon
2901 should scan when completing (defaults to 500).</dd>
2902
2903 <dt id="addon_sql-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/sql-hint.js"><code>hint/sql-hint.js</code></a></dt>
2904 <dd>A simple SQL hinter. Defines <code>CodeMirror.hint.sql</code>.
2905 Takes two optional options, <code>tables</code>, a object with
2906 table names as keys and array of respective column names as values,
2907 and <code>defaultTable</code>, a string corresponding to a
2908 table name in <code>tables</code> for autocompletion.</dd>
2909
2910 <dt id="addon_match-highlighter"><a href="../addon/search/match-highlighter.js"><code>search/match-highlighter.js</code></a></dt>
2911 <dd>Adds a <code>highlightSelectionMatches</code> option that
2912 can be enabled to highlight all instances of a currently
2913 selected word. Can be set either to true or to an object
2914 containing the following options: <code>minChars</code>, for the
2915 minimum amount of selected characters that triggers a highlight
2916 (default 2), <code>style</code>, for the style to be used to
2917 highlight the matches (default <code>"matchhighlight"</code>,
2918 which will correspond to CSS
2919 class <code>cm-matchhighlight</code>), <code>trim</code>, which
2920 controls whether whitespace is trimmed from the selection,
2921 and <code>showToken</code> which can be set to <code>true</code>
2922 or to a regexp matching the characters that make up a word. When
2923 enabled, it causes the current word to be highlighted when
2924 nothing is selected (defaults to off).
2925 Demo <a href="../demo/matchhighlighter.html">here</a>.</dd>
2926
2927 <dt id="addon_lint"><a href="../addon/lint/lint.js"><code>lint/lint.js</code></a></dt>
2928 <dd>Defines an interface component for showing linting warnings,
2929 with pluggable warning sources
2930 (see <a href="../addon/lint/html-lint.js"><code>html-lint.js</code></a>,
2931 <a href="../addon/lint/json-lint.js"><code>json-lint.js</code></a>,
2932 <a href="../addon/lint/javascript-lint.js"><code>javascript-lint.js</code></a>,
2933 <a href="../addon/lint/coffeescript-lint.js"><code>coffeescript-lint.js</code></a>,
2934 and <a href="../addon/lint/css-lint.js"><code>css-lint.js</code></a>
2935 in the same directory). Defines a <code>lint</code> option that
2936 can be set to an annotation source (for
2937 example <code>CodeMirror.lint.javascript</code>), to an options
2938 object (in which case the <code>getAnnotations</code> field is
2939 used as annotation source), or simply to <code>true</code>. When
2940 no annotation source is
2941 specified, <a href="#getHelper"><code>getHelper</code></a> with
2942 type <code>"lint"</code> is used to find an annotation function.
2943 An annotation source function should, when given a document
2944 string, an options object, and an editor instance, return an
2945 array of <code>{message, severity, from, to}</code> objects
2946 representing problems. When the function has
2947 an <code>async</code> property with a truthy value, it will be
2948 called with an additional second argument, which is a callback
2949 to pass the array to.
2950 The linting function can also return a promise, in that case the linter
2951 will only be executed when the promise resolves.
2952 By default, the linter will run (debounced) whenever the document is changed.
2953 You can pass a <code>lintOnChange: false</code> option to disable that.
2954 You can pass a <code>selfContain: true</code> option to render the tooltip inside the editor instance.
2955 And a <code>highlightLines</code> option to add a style to lines that contain problems.
2956 Depends on <code>addon/lint/lint.css</code>. A demo can be
2957 found <a href="../demo/lint.html">here</a>.</dd>
2958
2959 <dt id="addon_mark-selection"><a href="../addon/selection/mark-selection.js"><code>selection/mark-selection.js</code></a></dt>
2960 <dd>Causes the selected text to be marked with the CSS class
2961 <code>CodeMirror-selectedtext</code> when the <code>styleSelectedText</code> option
2962 is enabled. Useful to change the colour of the selection (in addition to the background),
2963 like in <a href="../demo/markselection.html">this demo</a>.</dd>
2964
2965 <dt id="addon_active-line"><a href="../addon/selection/active-line.js"><code>selection/active-line.js</code></a></dt>
2966 <dd>Defines a <code>styleActiveLine</code> option that, when
2967 enabled, gives the wrapper of the line that contains the cursor
2968 the class <code>CodeMirror-activeline</code>, adds a background
2969 with the class <code>CodeMirror-activeline-background</code>,
2970 and adds the class <code>CodeMirror-activeline-gutter</code> to
2971 the line's gutter space is enabled. The option's value may be a
2972 boolean or an object specifying the following options:
2973 <dl>
2974 <dt><code><strong>nonEmpty</strong>: bool</code></dt>
2975 <dd>Controls whether single-line selections, or just cursor
2976 selections, are styled. Defaults to false (only cursor
2977 selections).</dd>
2978 </dl>
2979 See the <a href="../demo/activeline.html">demo</a>.</dd>
2980
2981 <dt id="addon_selection-pointer"><a href="../addon/selection/selection-pointer.js"><code>selection/selection-pointer.js</code></a></dt>
2982 <dd>Defines a <code>selectionPointer</code> option which you can
2983 use to control the mouse cursor appearance when hovering over
2984 the selection. It can be set to a string,
2985 like <code>"pointer"</code>, or to true, in which case
2986 the <code>"default"</code> (arrow) cursor will be used. You can
2987 see a demo <a href="../mode/htmlmixed/index.html">here</a>.</dd>
2988
2989 <dt id="addon_loadmode"><a href="../addon/mode/loadmode.js"><code>mode/loadmode.js</code></a></dt>
2990 <dd>Defines a <code>CodeMirror.requireMode(modename, callback,
2991 options)</code> function that will try to load a given mode and
2992 call the callback when it succeeded. <code>options</code> is an
2993 optional object that may contain:
2994 <dl>
2995 <dt><code><strong>path</strong>: fn(modeName: string) → string</code></dt>
2996 <dd>Defines the way mode names are mapped to paths.</dd>
2997 <dt><code><strong>loadMode</strong>: fn(path: string, cont: fn())</code></dt>
2998 <dd>Override the way the mode script is loaded. By default,
2999 this will use the CommonJS or AMD module loader if one is
3000 present, and fall back to creating
3001 a <code>&lt;script></code> tag otherwise.</dd>
3002 </dl>
3003 This addon also
3004 defines <code>CodeMirror.autoLoadMode(instance, mode)</code>,
3005 which will ensure the given mode is loaded and cause the given
3006 editor instance to refresh its mode when the loading
3007 succeeded. See the <a href="../demo/loadmode.html">demo</a>.</dd>
3008
3009 <dt id="addon_meta"><a href="../mode/meta.js"><code>mode/meta.js</code></a></dt>
3010 <dd>Provides meta-information about all the modes in the
3011 distribution in a single file.
3012 Defines <code>CodeMirror.modeInfo</code>, an array of objects
3013 with <code>{name, mime, mode}</code> properties,
3014 where <code>name</code> is the human-readable
3015 name, <code>mime</code> the MIME type, and <code>mode</code> the
3016 name of the mode file that defines this MIME. There are optional
3017 properties <code>mimes</code>, which holds an array of MIME
3018 types for modes with multiple MIMEs associated,
3019 and <code>ext</code>, which holds an array of file extensions
3020 associated with this mode. Four convenience
3021 functions, <code>CodeMirror.findModeByMIME</code>,
3022 <code>CodeMirror.findModeByExtension</code>,
3023 <code>CodeMirror.findModeByFileName</code>
3024 and <code>CodeMirror.findModeByName</code> are provided, which
3025 return such an object given a MIME, extension, file name or mode name
3026 string. Note that, for historical reasons, this file resides in the
3027 top-level <code>mode</code> directory, not
3028 under <code>addon</code>. <a href="../demo/loadmode.html">Demo</a>.</dd>
3029
3030 <dt id="addon_continuecomment"><a href="../addon/comment/continuecomment.js"><code>comment/continuecomment.js</code></a></dt>
3031 <dd>Adds a <code>continueComments</code> option, which sets whether the
3032 editor will make the next line continue a comment when you press Enter
3033 inside a comment block. Can be set to a boolean to enable/disable this
3034 functionality. Set to a string, it will continue comments using a custom
3035 shortcut. Set to an object, it will use the <code>key</code> property for
3036 a custom shortcut and the boolean <code>continueLineComment</code>
3037 property to determine whether single-line comments should be continued
3038 (defaulting to <code>true</code>).</dd>
3039
3040 <dt id="addon_placeholder"><a href="../addon/display/placeholder.js"><code>display/placeholder.js</code></a></dt>
3041 <dd>Adds a <code>placeholder</code> option that can be used to
3042 make content appear in the editor when it is empty and not
3043 focused. It can hold either a string or a DOM node. Also gives
3044 the editor a <code>CodeMirror-empty</code> CSS class whenever it
3045 doesn't contain any text.
3046 See <a href="../demo/placeholder.html">the demo</a>.</dd>
3047
3048 <dt id="addon_fullscreen"><a href="../addon/display/fullscreen.js"><code>display/fullscreen.js</code></a></dt>
3049 <dd>Defines an option <code>fullScreen</code> that, when set
3050 to <code>true</code>, will make the editor full-screen (as in,
3051 taking up the whole browser window). Depends
3052 on <a href="../addon/display/fullscreen.css"><code>fullscreen.css</code></a>. <a href="../demo/fullscreen.html">Demo
3053 here</a>.</dd>
3054
3055 <dt id="addon_autorefresh"><a href="../addon/display/autorefresh.js"><code>display/autorefresh.js</code></a></dt>
3056 <dd>This addon can be useful when initializing an editor in a
3057 hidden DOM node, in cases where it is difficult to
3058 call <a href="#refresh"><code>refresh</code></a> when the editor
3059 becomes visible. It defines an option <code>autoRefresh</code>
3060 which you can set to true to ensure that, if the editor wasn't
3061 visible on initialization, it will be refreshed the first time
3062 it becomes visible. This is done by polling every 250
3063 milliseconds (you can pass a value like <code>{delay:
3064 500}</code> as the option value to configure this). Note that
3065 this addon will only refresh the editor <em>once</em> when it
3066 first becomes visible, and won't take care of further restyling
3067 and resizing.</dd>
3068
3069 <dt id="addon_simplescrollbars"><a href="../addon/scroll/simplescrollbars.js"><code>scroll/simplescrollbars.js</code></a></dt>
3070 <dd>Defines two additional scrollbar
3071 models, <code>"simple"</code> and <code>"overlay"</code>
3072 (see <a href="../demo/simplescrollbars.html">demo</a>) that can
3073 be selected with
3074 the <a href="#option_scrollbarStyle"><code>scrollbarStyle</code></a>
3075 option. Depends
3076 on <a href="../addon/scroll/simplescrollbars.css"><code>simplescrollbars.css</code></a>,
3077 which can be further overridden to style your own
3078 scrollbars.</dd>
3079
3080 <dt id="addon_annotatescrollbar"><a href="../addon/scroll/annotatescrollbar.js"><code>scroll/annotatescrollbar.js</code></a></dt>
3081 <dd>Provides functionality for showing markers on the scrollbar
3082 to call out certain parts of the document. Adds a
3083 method <code>annotateScrollbar</code> to editor instances that
3084 can be called, with a CSS class name as argument, to create a
3085 set of annotations. The method returns an object
3086 whose <code>update</code> method can be called with a sorted array
3087 of <code>{from: Pos, to: Pos}</code> objects marking the ranges
3088 to be highlighted. To detach the annotations, call the
3089 object's <code>clear</code> method.</dd>
3090
3091 <dt id="addon_rulers"><a href="../addon/display/rulers.js"><code>display/rulers.js</code></a></dt>
3092 <dd>Adds a <code>rulers</code> option, which can be used to show
3093 one or more vertical rulers in the editor. The option, if
3094 defined, should be given an array of <code>{column [, className,
3095 color, lineStyle, width]}</code> objects or numbers (which
3096 indicate a column). The ruler will be displayed at the column
3097 indicated by the number or the <code>column</code> property.
3098 The <code>className</code> property can be used to assign a
3099 custom style to a ruler. <a href="../demo/rulers.html">Demo
3100 here</a>.</dd>
3101
3102 <dt id="addon_panel"><a href="../addon/display/panel.js"><code>display/panel.js</code></a></dt>
3103 <dd>Defines an <code>addPanel</code> method for CodeMirror
3104 instances, which places a DOM node above or below an editor, and
3105 shrinks the editor to make room for the node. The method takes
3106 as first argument as DOM node, and as second an optional options
3107 object. The <code>Panel</code> object returned by this method
3108 has a <code>clear</code> method that is used to remove the
3109 panel, and a <code>changed</code> method that can be used to
3110 notify the addon when the size of the panel's DOM node has
3111 changed.<br/>
3112 The method accepts the following options:
3113 <dl>
3114 <dt><code><strong>position</strong>: string</code></dt>
3115 <dd>Controls the position of the newly added panel. The
3116 following values are recognized:
3117 <dl>
3118 <dt><code><strong>top</strong> (default)</code></dt>
3119 <dd>Adds the panel at the very top.</dd>
3120 <dt><code><strong>after-top</strong></code></dt>
3121 <dd>Adds the panel at the bottom of the top panels.</dd>
3122 <dt><code><strong>bottom</strong></code></dt>
3123 <dd>Adds the panel at the very bottom.</dd>
3124 <dt><code><strong>before-bottom</strong></code></dt>
3125 <dd>Adds the panel at the top of the bottom panels.</dd>
3126 </dl>
3127 </dd>
3128 <dt><code><strong>before</strong>: Panel</code></dt>
3129 <dd>The new panel will be added before the given panel.</dd>
3130 <dt><code><strong>after</strong>: Panel</code></dt>
3131 <dd>The new panel will be added after the given panel.</dd>
3132 <dt><code><strong>replace</strong>: Panel</code></dt>
3133 <dd>The new panel will replace the given panel.</dd>
3134 <dt><code><strong>stable</strong>: bool</code></dt>
3135 <dd>Whether to scroll the editor to keep the text's vertical
3136 position stable, when adding a panel above it. Defaults to false.</dd>
3137 </dl>
3138 When using the <code>after</code>, <code>before</code> or <code>replace</code> options,
3139 if the panel doesn't exists or has been removed,
3140 the value of the <code>position</code> option will be used as a fallback.
3141 <br>
3142 A demo of the addon is available <a href="../demo/panel.html">here</a>.
3143 </dd>
3144
3145 <dt id="addon_hardwrap"><a href="../addon/wrap/hardwrap.js"><code>wrap/hardwrap.js</code></a></dt>
3146 <dd>Addon to perform hard line wrapping/breaking for paragraphs
3147 of text. Adds these methods to editor instances:
3148 <dl>
3149 <dt><code><strong>wrapParagraph</strong>(?pos: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
3150 <dd>Wraps the paragraph at the given position.
3151 If <code>pos</code> is not given, it defaults to the cursor
3152 position.</dd>
3153 <dt><code><strong>wrapRange</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
3154 <dd>Wraps the given range as one big paragraph.</dd>
3155 <dt><code><strong>wrapParagraphsInRange</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object)</code></dt>
3156 <dd>Wraps the paragraphs in (and overlapping with) the
3157 given range individually.</dd>
3158 </dl>
3159 The following options are recognized:
3160 <dl>
3161 <dt><code><strong>paragraphStart</strong>, <strong>paragraphEnd</strong>: RegExp</code></dt>
3162 <dd>Blank lines are always considered paragraph boundaries.
3163 These options can be used to specify a pattern that causes
3164 lines to be considered the start or end of a paragraph.</dd>
3165 <dt><code><strong>column</strong>: number</code></dt>
3166 <dd>The column to wrap at. Defaults to 80.</dd>
3167 <dt><code><strong>wrapOn</strong>: RegExp</code></dt>
3168 <dd>A regular expression that matches only those
3169 two-character strings that allow wrapping. By default, the
3170 addon wraps on whitespace and after dash characters.</dd>
3171 <dt><code><strong>killTrailingSpace</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3172 <dd>Whether trailing space caused by wrapping should be
3173 preserved, or deleted. Defaults to true.</dd>
3174 <dt><code><strong>forceBreak</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3175 <dd>If set to true forces a break at <code>column</code> in the case
3176 when no <code>wrapOn</code> pattern is found in the range. If set to
3177 false allows line to overflow the <code>column</code> limit if no
3178 <code>wrapOn</code> pattern found. Defaults to true.</dd>
3179 </dl>
3180 A demo of the addon is available <a href="../demo/hardwrap.html">here</a>.
3181 </dd>
3182
3183 <dt id="addon_scrollpastend"><a href="../addon/scroll/scrollpastend.js"><code>scroll/scrollpastend.js</code></a></dt>
3184 <dd>Defines an option `"scrollPastEnd"` that, when set to a
3185 truthy value, allows the user to scroll one editor height of
3186 empty space into view at the bottom of the editor.</dd>
3187
3188 <dt id="addon_merge"><a href="../addon/merge/merge.js"><code>merge/merge.js</code></a></dt>
3189 <dd>Implements an interface for merging changes, using either a
3190 2-way or a 3-way view. The <code>CodeMirror.MergeView</code>
3191 constructor takes arguments similar to
3192 the <a href="#CodeMirror"><code>CodeMirror</code></a>
3193 constructor, first a node to append the interface to, and then
3194 an options object. Options are passed through to the editors
3195 inside the view. These extra options are recognized:
3196 <dl>
3197 <dt><code><strong>origLeft</strong></code> and <code><strong>origRight</strong>: string</code></dt>
3198 <dd>If given these provide original versions of the
3199 document, which will be shown to the left and right of the
3200 editor in non-editable CodeMirror instances. The merge
3201 interface will highlight changes between the editable
3202 document and the original(s). To create a 2-way (as opposed
3203 to 3-way) merge view, provide only one of them.</dd>
3204 <dt><code><strong>revertButtons</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3205 <dd>Determines whether buttons that allow the user to revert
3206 changes are shown. Defaults to true.</dd>
3207 <dt><code><strong>revertChunk</strong>: fn(mv: MergeView, from: CodeMirror, fromStart: Pos, fromEnd: Pos, to: CodeMirror, toStart: Pos, toEnd: Pos)</code></dt>
3208 <dd>Can be used to define custom behavior when the user
3209 reverts a changed chunk.</dd>
3210 <dt><code><strong>connect</strong>: string</code></dt>
3211 <dd>Sets the style used to connect changed chunks of code.
3212 By default, connectors are drawn. When this is set
3213 to <code>"align"</code>, the smaller chunk is padded to
3214 align with the bigger chunk instead.</dd>
3215 <dt><code><strong>collapseIdentical</strong>: boolean|number</code></dt>
3216 <dd>When true (default is false), stretches of unchanged
3217 text will be collapsed. When a number is given, this
3218 indicates the amount of lines to leave visible around such
3219 stretches (which defaults to 2).</dd>
3220 <dt><code><strong>allowEditingOriginals</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3221 <dd>Determines whether the original editor allows editing.
3222 Defaults to false.</dd>
3223 <dt><code><strong>showDifferences</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3224 <dd>When true (the default), changed pieces of text are
3225 highlighted.</dd>
3226 <dt><code><strong>chunkClassLocation</strong>: string|Array</code></dt>
3227 <dd>By default the chunk highlights are added
3228 using <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a>
3229 with "background". Override this to customize it to be any
3230 valid `where` parameter or an Array of valid `where`
3231 parameters.</dd>
3232 </dl>
3233 The addon also defines commands <code>"goNextDiff"</code>
3234 and <code>"goPrevDiff"</code> to quickly jump to the next
3235 changed chunk. <a href="../demo/merge.html">Demo
3236 here</a>.</dd>
3237
3238 <dt id="addon_tern"><a href="../addon/tern/tern.js"><code>tern/tern.js</code></a></dt>
3239 <dd>Provides integration with
3240 the <a href="https://ternjs.net">Tern</a> JavaScript analysis
3241 engine, for completion, definition finding, and minor
3242 refactoring help. See the <a href="../demo/tern.html">demo</a>
3243 for a very simple integration. For more involved scenarios, see
3244 the comments at the top of
3245 the <a href="../addon/tern/tern.js">addon</a> and the
3246 implementation of the
3247 (multi-file) <a href="https://ternjs.net/doc/demo/index.html">demonstration
3248 on the Tern website</a>.</dd>
3249 </dl>
3250 </section>
3251
3252 <section id=modeapi>
3253 <h2>Writing CodeMirror Modes</h2>
3254
3255 <p>Modes typically consist of a single JavaScript file. This file
3256 defines, in the simplest case, a lexer (tokenizer) for your
3257 language—a function that takes a character stream as input,
3258 advances it past a token, and returns a style for that token. More
3259 advanced modes can also handle indentation for the language.</p>
3260
3261 <p>This section describes the low-level mode interface. Many modes
3262 are written directly against this, since it offers a lot of
3263 control, but for a quick mode definition, you might want to use
3264 the <a href="../demo/simplemode.html">simple mode addon</a>.</p>
3265
3266 <p id="defineMode">The mode script should
3267 call <code><strong>CodeMirror.defineMode</strong></code> to
3268 register itself with CodeMirror. This function takes two
3269 arguments. The first should be the name of the mode, for which you
3270 should use a lowercase string, preferably one that is also the
3271 name of the files that define the mode (i.e. <code>"xml"</code> is
3272 defined in <code>xml.js</code>). The second argument should be a
3273 function that, given a CodeMirror configuration object (the thing
3274 passed to the <code>CodeMirror</code> function) and an optional
3275 mode configuration object (as in
3276 the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a> option), returns
3277 a mode object.</p>
3278
3279 <p>Typically, you should use this second argument
3280 to <code>defineMode</code> as your module scope function (modes
3281 should not leak anything into the global scope!), i.e. write your
3282 whole mode inside this function.</p>
3283
3284 <p>The main responsibility of a mode script is <em>parsing</em>
3285 the content of the editor. Depending on the language and the
3286 amount of functionality desired, this can be done in really easy
3287 or extremely complicated ways. Some parsers can be stateless,
3288 meaning that they look at one element (<em>token</em>) of the code
3289 at a time, with no memory of what came before. Most, however, will
3290 need to remember something. This is done by using a <em>state
3291 object</em>, which is an object that is always passed when
3292 reading a token, and which can be mutated by the tokenizer.</p>
3293
3294 <p id="startState">Modes that use a state must define
3295 a <code><strong>startState</strong></code> method on their mode
3296 object. This is a function of no arguments that produces a state
3297 object to be used at the start of a document.</p>
3298
3299 <p id="token">The most important part of a mode object is
3300 its <code><strong>token</strong>(stream, state)</code> method. All
3301 modes must define this method. It should read one token from the
3302 stream it is given as an argument, optionally update its state,
3303 and return a style string, or <code>null</code> for tokens that do
3304 not have to be styled. For your styles, you are encouraged to use
3305 the 'standard' names defined in the themes (without
3306 the <code>cm-</code> prefix). If that fails, it is also possible
3307 to come up with your own and write your own CSS theme file.<p>
3308
3309 <p id="token_style_line">A typical token string would
3310 be <code>"variable"</code> or <code>"comment"</code>. Multiple
3311 styles can be returned (separated by spaces), for
3312 example <code>"string error"</code> for a thing that looks like a
3313 string but is invalid somehow (say, missing its closing quote).
3314 When a style is prefixed by <code>"line-"</code>
3315 or <code>"line-background-"</code>, the style will be applied to
3316 the whole line, analogous to what
3317 the <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a> method
3318 does—styling the <code>"text"</code> in the simple case, and
3319 the <code>"background"</code> element
3320 when <code>"line-background-"</code> is prefixed.</p>
3321
3322 <p id="StringStream">The stream object that's passed
3323 to <code>token</code> encapsulates a line of code (tokens may
3324 never span lines) and our current position in that line. It has
3325 the following API:</p>
3326
3327 <dl>
3328 <dt><code><strong>eol</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
3329 <dd>Returns true only if the stream is at the end of the
3330 line.</dd>
3331 <dt><code><strong>sol</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
3332 <dd>Returns true only if the stream is at the start of the
3333 line.</dd>
3334
3335 <dt><code><strong>peek</strong>() → string</code></dt>
3336 <dd>Returns the next character in the stream without advancing
3337 it. Will return a <code>null</code> at the end of the
3338 line.</dd>
3339 <dt><code><strong>next</strong>() → string</code></dt>
3340 <dd>Returns the next character in the stream and advances it.
3341 Also returns <code>null</code> when no more characters are
3342 available.</dd>
3343
3344 <dt><code><strong>eat</strong>(match: string|regexp|function(char: string) → boolean) → string</code></dt>
3345 <dd><code>match</code> can be a character, a regular expression,
3346 or a function that takes a character and returns a boolean. If
3347 the next character in the stream 'matches' the given argument,
3348 it is consumed and returned. Otherwise, <code>undefined</code>
3349 is returned.</dd>
3350 <dt><code><strong>eatWhile</strong>(match: string|regexp|function(char: string) → boolean) → boolean</code></dt>
3351 <dd>Repeatedly calls <code>eat</code> with the given argument,
3352 until it fails. Returns true if any characters were eaten.</dd>
3353 <dt><code><strong>eatSpace</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
3354 <dd>Shortcut for <code>eatWhile</code> when matching
3355 white-space.</dd>
3356 <dt><code><strong>skipToEnd</strong>()</code></dt>
3357 <dd>Moves the position to the end of the line.</dd>
3358 <dt><code><strong>skipTo</strong>(str: string) → boolean</code></dt>
3359 <dd>Skips to the start of the next occurrence of the given string, if
3360 found on the current line (doesn't advance the stream if the
3361 string does not occur on the line). Returns true if the
3362 string was found.</dd>
3363 <dt><code><strong>match</strong>(pattern: string, ?consume: boolean, ?caseFold: boolean) → boolean</code></dt>
3364 <dt><code><strong>match</strong>(pattern: regexp, ?consume: boolean) → array&lt;string&gt;</code></dt>
3365 <dd>Act like a
3366 multi-character <code>eat</code>—if <code>consume</code> is true
3367 or not given—or a look-ahead that doesn't update the stream
3368 position—if it is false. <code>pattern</code> can be either a
3369 string or a regular expression starting with <code>^</code>.
3370 When it is a string, <code>caseFold</code> can be set to true to
3371 make the match case-insensitive. When successfully matching a
3372 regular expression, the returned value will be the array
3373 returned by <code>match</code>, in case you need to extract
3374 matched groups.</dd>
3375
3376 <dt><code><strong>backUp</strong>(n: integer)</code></dt>
3377 <dd>Backs up the stream <code>n</code> characters. Backing it up
3378 further than the start of the current token will cause things to
3379 break, so be careful.</dd>
3380 <dt><code><strong>column</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
3381 <dd>Returns the column (taking into account tabs) at which the
3382 current token starts.</dd>
3383 <dt><code><strong>indentation</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
3384 <dd>Tells you how far the current line has been indented, in
3385 spaces. Corrects for tab characters.</dd>
3386
3387 <dt><code><strong>current</strong>() → string</code></dt>
3388 <dd>Get the string between the start of the current token and
3389 the current stream position.</dd>
3390
3391 <dt><code><strong>lookAhead</strong>(n: number) → ?string</code></dt>
3392 <dd>Get the line <code>n</code> (&gt;0) lines after the current
3393 one, in order to scan ahead across line boundaries. Note that
3394 you want to do this carefully, since looking far ahead will make
3395 mode state caching much less effective.</dd>
3396
3397 <dt id="baseToken"><code><strong>baseToken</strong>() → ?{type: ?string, size: number}</code></dt>
3398 <dd>Modes added
3399 through <a href="#addOverlay"><code>addOverlay</code></a>
3400 (and <em>only</em> such modes) can use this method to inspect
3401 the current token produced by the underlying mode.</dd>
3402 </dl>
3403
3404 <p id="blankLine">By default, blank lines are simply skipped when
3405 tokenizing a document. For languages that have significant blank
3406 lines, you can define
3407 a <code><strong>blankLine</strong>(state)</code> method on your
3408 mode that will get called whenever a blank line is passed over, so
3409 that it can update the parser state.</p>
3410
3411 <p id="copyState">Because state object are mutated, and CodeMirror
3412 needs to keep valid versions of a state around so that it can
3413 restart a parse at any line, copies must be made of state objects.
3414 The default algorithm used is that a new state object is created,
3415 which gets all the properties of the old object. Any properties
3416 which hold arrays get a copy of these arrays (since arrays tend to
3417 be used as mutable stacks). When this is not correct, for example
3418 because a mode mutates non-array properties of its state object, a
3419 mode object should define
3420 a <code><strong>copyState</strong></code> method, which is given a
3421 state and should return a safe copy of that state.</p>
3422
3423 <p id="indent">If you want your mode to provide smart indentation
3424 (through the <a href="#indentLine"><code>indentLine</code></a>
3425 method and the <code>indentAuto</code>
3426 and <code>newlineAndIndent</code> commands, to which keys can be
3427 <a href="#option_extraKeys">bound</a>), you must define
3428 an <code><strong>indent</strong>(state, textAfter)</code> method
3429 on your mode object.</p>
3430
3431 <p>The indentation method should inspect the given state object,
3432 and optionally the <code>textAfter</code> string, which contains
3433 the text on the line that is being indented, and return an
3434 integer, the amount of spaces to indent. It should usually take
3435 the <a href="#option_indentUnit"><code>indentUnit</code></a>
3436 option into account. An indentation method may
3437 return <code>CodeMirror.Pass</code> to indicate that it
3438 could not come up with a precise indentation.</p>
3439
3440 <p id="mode_comment">To work well with
3441 the <a href="#addon_comment">commenting addon</a>, a mode may
3442 define <code><strong>lineComment</strong></code> (string that
3443 starts a line
3444 comment), <code><strong>blockCommentStart</strong></code>, <code><strong>blockCommentEnd</strong></code>
3445 (strings that start and end block comments),
3446 and <code>blockCommentLead</code> (a string to put at the start of
3447 continued lines in a block comment). All of these are
3448 optional.</p>
3449
3450 <p id="electricChars">Finally, a mode may define either
3451 an <code>electricChars</code> or an <code>electricInput</code>
3452 property, which are used to automatically reindent the line when
3453 certain patterns are typed and
3454 the <a href="#option_electricChars"><code>electricChars</code></a>
3455 option is enabled. <code>electricChars</code> may be a string, and
3456 will trigger a reindent whenever one of the characters in that
3457 string are typed. Often, it is more appropriate to
3458 use <code>electricInput</code>, which should hold a regular
3459 expression, and will trigger indentation when the part of the
3460 line <em>before</em> the cursor matches the expression. It should
3461 usually end with a <code>$</code> character, so that it only
3462 matches when the indentation-changing pattern was just typed, not when something was
3463 typed after the pattern.</p>
3464
3465 <p>So, to summarize, a mode <em>must</em> provide
3466 a <code>token</code> method, and it <em>may</em>
3467 provide <code>startState</code>, <code>copyState</code>,
3468 and <code>indent</code> methods. For an example of a trivial mode,
3469 see the <a href="../mode/diff/diff.js">diff mode</a>, for a more
3470 involved example, see the <a href="../mode/clike/clike.js">C-like
3471 mode</a>.</p>
3472
3473 <p>Sometimes, it is useful for modes to <em>nest</em>—to have one
3474 mode delegate work to another mode. An example of this kind of
3475 mode is the <a href="../mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed.js">mixed-mode HTML
3476 mode</a>. To implement such nesting, it is usually necessary to
3477 create mode objects and copy states yourself. To create a mode
3478 object, there are <code>CodeMirror.getMode(options,
3479 parserConfig)</code>, where the first argument is a configuration
3480 object as passed to the mode constructor function, and the second
3481 argument is a mode specification as in
3482 the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a> option. To copy a
3483 state object, call <code>CodeMirror.copyState(mode, state)</code>,
3484 where <code>mode</code> is the mode that created the given
3485 state.</p>
3486
3487 <p id="innerMode">In a nested mode, it is recommended to add an
3488 extra method, <code><strong>innerMode</strong></code> which, given
3489 a state object, returns a <code>{state, mode}</code> object with
3490 the inner mode and its state for the current position. These are
3491 used by utility scripts such as the <a href="#addon_closetag">tag
3492 closer</a> to get context information. Use
3493 the <code>CodeMirror.innerMode</code> helper function to, starting
3494 from a mode and a state, recursively walk down to the innermost
3495 mode and state.</p>
3496
3497 <p>To make indentation work properly in a nested parser, it is
3498 advisable to give the <code>startState</code> method of modes that
3499 are intended to be nested an optional argument that provides the
3500 base indentation for the block of code. The JavaScript and CSS
3501 parser do this, for example, to allow JavaScript and CSS code
3502 inside the mixed-mode HTML mode to be properly indented.</p>
3503
3504 <p id="defineMIME">It is possible, and encouraged, to associate
3505 your mode, or a certain configuration of your mode, with
3506 a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME">MIME</a> type. For
3507 example, the JavaScript mode associates itself
3508 with <code>text/javascript</code>, and its JSON variant
3509 with <code>application/json</code>. To do this,
3510 call <code><strong>CodeMirror.defineMIME</strong>(mime,
3511 modeSpec)</code>, where <code>modeSpec</code> can be a string or
3512 object specifying a mode, as in
3513 the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a> option.</p>
3514
3515 <p>If a mode specification wants to add some properties to the
3516 resulting mode object, typically for use
3517 with <a href="#getHelpers"><code>getHelpers</code></a>, it may
3518 contain a <code>modeProps</code> property, which holds an object.
3519 This object's properties will be copied to the actual mode
3520 object.</p>
3521
3522 <p id="extendMode">Sometimes, it is useful to add or override mode
3523 object properties from external code.
3524 The <code><strong>CodeMirror.extendMode</strong></code> function
3525 can be used to add properties to mode objects produced for a
3526 specific mode. Its first argument is the name of the mode, its
3527 second an object that specifies the properties that should be
3528 added. This is mostly useful to add utilities that can later be
3529 looked up through <a href="#getMode"><code>getMode</code></a>.</p>
3530 </section>
3531
3532 <section id="vimapi">
3533 <h2>VIM Mode API</h2>
3534
3535 <p>CodeMirror has a robust VIM mode that attempts to faithfully
3536 emulate VIM's most useful features. It can be enabled by
3537 including <a href="../keymap/vim.js"><code>keymap/vim.js</code>
3538 </a> and setting the <code>keyMap</code> option to
3539 <code>"vim"</code>.</p>
3540
3541 <h3 id="vimapi_configuration">Configuration</h3>
3542
3543 <p>VIM mode accepts configuration options for customizing
3544 behavior at run time. These methods can be called at any time
3545 and will affect all existing CodeMirror instances unless
3546 specified otherwise. The methods are exposed on the
3547 <code><strong>CodeMirror.Vim</strong></code> object.</p>
3548
3549 <dl>
3550 <dt id="vimapi_setOption"><code><strong>setOption(name: string, value: any, ?cm: CodeMirror, ?cfg: object)</strong></code></dt>
3551 <dd>Sets the value of a VIM option. <code>name</code> should
3552 be the name of an option. If <code>cfg.scope</code> is not set
3553 and <code>cm</code> is provided, then sets the global and
3554 instance values of the option. Otherwise, sets either the
3555 global or instance value of the option depending on whether
3556 <code>cfg.scope</code> is <code>global</code> or
3557 <code>local</code>.</dd>
3558 <dt id="vimapi_getOption"><code><strong>getOption(name: string, ?cm: CodeMirror: ?cfg: object)</strong></code></dt>
3559 <dd>Gets the current value of a VIM option. If
3560 <code>cfg.scope</code> is not set and <code>cm</code> is
3561 provided, then gets the instance value of the option, falling
3562 back to the global value if not set. If <code>cfg.scope</code> is provided, then gets the <code>global</code> or
3563 <code>local</code> value without checking the other.</dd>
3564
3565 <dt id="vimapi_map"><code><strong>map(lhs: string, rhs: string, ?context: string)</strong></code></dt>
3566 <dd>Maps a key sequence to another key sequence. Implements
3567 VIM's <code>:map</code> command. To map ; to : in VIM would be
3568 <code><strong>:map ; :</strong></code>. That would translate to
3569 <code><strong>CodeMirror.Vim.map(';', ':');</strong></code>.
3570 The <code>context</code> can be <code>normal</code>,
3571 <code>visual</code>, or <code>insert</code>, which correspond
3572 to <code>:nmap</code>, <code>:vmap</code>, and
3573 <code>:imap</code>
3574 respectively.</dd>
3575
3576 <dt id="vimapi_mapCommand"><code><strong>mapCommand(keys: string, type: string, name: string, ?args: object, ?extra: object)</strong></code></dt>
3577 <dd>Maps a key sequence to a <code>motion</code>,
3578 <code>operator</code>, or <code>action</code> type command.
3579 The args object is passed through to the command when it is
3580 invoked by the provided key sequence.
3581 <code>extras.context</code> can be <code>normal</code>,
3582 <code>visual</code>, or <code>insert</code>, to map the key
3583 sequence only in the corresponding mode.
3584 <code>extras.isEdit</code> is applicable only to actions,
3585 determining whether it is recorded for replay for the
3586 <code>.</code> single-repeat command.
3587
3588 <dt id="vimapi_unmap"><strong><code>unmap(lhs: string, ctx: string)</code></strong></dt>
3589 <dd>
3590 Remove the command <code>lhs</code> if it is a user defined command.
3591 If the command is an Ex to Ex or Ex to key mapping then the context
3592 must be <code>undefined</code> or <code>false</code>.
3593 </dd>
3594
3595 <dt id="vimapi_mapclear"><strong><code>mapclear(ctx: string)</code></strong></dt>
3596 <dd>
3597 Remove all user-defined mappings for the provided context.
3598 </dd>
3599
3600 <dt id="vimapi_noremap"><strong><code>noremap(lhs: string, rhs: string, ctx: {string, array&lt;string&gt;})</code></strong></dt>
3601 <dd>
3602 Non-recursive map function. This will not create mappings to key maps
3603 that aren't present in the default key map.
3604 If no context is provided then the mapping will be applied to each of
3605 normal, insert, and visual mode.
3606 </dd>
3607 </dl>
3608
3609 <h3 id="vimapi_events">Events</h3>
3610
3611 <p>VIM mode signals a few events on the editor instance. For an example usage, see <a href="https://github.com/codemirror/CodeMirror/blob/5.55.0/demo/vim.html#L101-L110">demo/vim.html#L101</a>.</p>
3612
3613 <dl>
3614 <dt id="vimapi_commanddone"><code><strong>"vim-command-done"</strong> (reason: undefined)</code></dt>
3615 <dd>Fired on keypress and mousedown where command has completed or no command found.</dd>
3616
3617 <dt id="vimapi_keypress"><code><strong>"vim-keypress"</strong> (vimKey: string)</code></dt>
3618 <dd>Fired on keypress, <code>vimKey</code> is in Vim's key notation.</dd>
3619
3620 <dt id="vimapi_modechange"><code><strong>"vim-mode-change"</strong> (modeObj: object)</code></dt>
3621 <dd>Fired after mode change, <code>modeObj</code> parameter is a <code>{mode: string, ?subMode: string}</code> object. Modes: <code>"insert", "normal", "replace", "visual"</code>. Visual sub-modes: <code>"linewise", "blockwise"</code>.</dd>
3622 </dl>
3623
3624 <h3 id="vimapi_extending">Extending VIM</h3>
3625
3626 <p>CodeMirror's VIM mode implements a large subset of VIM's core
3627 editing functionality. But since there's always more to be
3628 desired, there is a set of APIs for extending VIM's
3629 functionality. As with the configuration API, the methods are
3630 exposed on <code><strong>CodeMirror.Vim</strong></code> and may
3631 be called at any time.</p>
3632
3633 <dl>
3634 <dt id="vimapi_defineOption"><code><strong>defineOption(name: string, default: any, type: string, ?aliases: array&lt;string&gt;, ?callback: function (?value: any, ?cm: CodeMirror) → ?any)</strong></code></dt>
3635 <dd>Defines a VIM style option and makes it available to the
3636 <code>:set</code> command. Type can be <code>boolean</code> or
3637 <code>string</code>, used for validation and by
3638 <code>:set</code> to determine which syntax to accept. If a
3639 <code>callback</code> is passed in, VIM does not store the value of the
3640 option itself, but instead uses the callback as a setter/getter. If the
3641 first argument to the callback is <code>undefined</code>, then the
3642 callback should return the value of the option. Otherwise, it should set
3643 instead. Since VIM options have global and instance values, whether a
3644 <code>CodeMirror</code> instance is passed in denotes whether the global
3645 or local value should be used. Consequently, it's possible for the
3646 callback to be called twice for a single <code>setOption</code> or
3647 <code>getOption</code> call. Note that right now, VIM does not support
3648 defining buffer-local options that do not have global values. If an
3649 option should not have a global value, either always ignore the
3650 <code>cm</code> parameter in the callback, or always pass in a
3651 <code>cfg.scope</code> to <code>setOption</code> and
3652 <code>getOption</code>.</dd>
3653
3654 <dt id="vimapi_defineMotion"><code><strong>defineMotion(name: string, fn: function(cm: CodeMirror, head: {line, ch}, ?motionArgs: object}) → {line, ch})</strong></code></dt>
3655 <dd>Defines a motion command for VIM. The motion should return
3656 the desired result position of the cursor. <code>head</code>
3657 is the current position of the cursor. It can differ from
3658 <code>cm.getCursor('head')</code> if VIM is in visual mode.
3659 <code>motionArgs</code> is the object passed into
3660 <strong><code>mapCommand()</code></strong>.</dd>
3661
3662 <dt id="vimapi_defineOperator"><strong><code>defineOperator(name: string, fn: function(cm: CodeMirror, ?operatorArgs: object, ranges: array&lt;{anchor, head}&gt;) → ?{line, ch})</code></strong></dt>
3663 <dd>Defines an operator command, similar to <strong><code>
3664 defineMotion</code></strong>. <code>ranges</code> is the range
3665 of text the operator should operate on. If the cursor should
3666 be set to a certain position after the operation finishes, it
3667 can return a cursor object.</dd>
3668
3669 <dt id="vimapi_defineActon"><strong><code>defineAction(name: string, fn: function(cm: CodeMirror, ?actionArgs: object))</code></strong></dt>
3670 <dd>Defines an action command, similar to
3671 <strong><code>defineMotion</code></strong>. Action commands
3672 can have arbitrary behavior, making them more flexible than
3673 motions and operators, at the loss of orthogonality.</dd>
3674
3675 <dt id="vimapi_defineEx"><strong><code>defineEx(name: string, ?prefix: string, fn: function(cm: CodeMirror, ?params: object))</code></strong></dt>
3676 <dd>Defines an Ex command, and maps it to <code>:name</code>.
3677 If a prefix is provided, it, and any prefixed substring of the
3678 <code>name</code> beginning with the <code>prefix</code> can
3679 be used to invoke the command. If the <code>prefix</code> is
3680 falsy, then <code>name</code> is used as the prefix. <code>
3681 params.argString</code> contains the part of the prompted
3682 string after the command name. <code>params.args</code> is
3683 <code>params.argString</code> split by whitespace. If the
3684 command was prefixed with a
3685 <code><strong><a href="http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/cmdline.html#cmdline-ranges">line range</a></strong></code>,
3686 <code>params.line</code> and <code>params.lineEnd</code> will
3687 be set.</dd>
3688
3689 <dt id="vimapi_getRegisterController"><strong><code>getRegisterController()</code></strong></dt>
3690 <dd>Returns the RegisterController that manages the state of registers
3691 used by vim mode. For the RegisterController api see its
3692 definition <a href="https://github.com/CodeMirror/CodeMirror/blob/b2d26b4ccb1d0994ae84d18ad8b84018de176da9/keymap/vim.js#L1123">here</a>.
3693 </dd>
3694
3695 <dt id='vimapi_buildkeymap'><strong><code>buildKeyMap()</code></strong></dt>
3696 <dd>
3697 Not currently implemented. If you would like to contribute this please open
3698 a pull request on <a href="https://github.com/codemirror/CodeMirror">GitHub</a>.
3699 </dd>
3700
3701 <dt id="vimapi_defineRegister"><strong><code>defineRegister()</code></strong></dt>
3702 <dd> Defines an external register. The name should be a single character
3703 that will be used to reference the register. The register should support
3704 <code>setText</code>, <code>pushText</code>, <code>clear</code>, and <code>toString</code>.
3705 See <a href="https://github.com/CodeMirror/CodeMirror/blob/b2d26b4ccb1d0994ae84d18ad8b84018de176da9/keymap/vim.js#L1055">Register</a> for a reference implementation.
3706 </dd>
3707
3708 <dt id="vimapi_getVimGlobalState_"><strong><code>getVimGlobalState_()</code></strong></dt>
3709 <dd>
3710 Return a reference to the VimGlobalState.
3711 </dd>
3712
3713 <dt id="vimapi_resetVimGlobalState_"><strong><code>resetVimGlobalState_()</code></strong></dt>
3714 <dd>
3715 Reset the default values of the VimGlobalState to fresh values. Any options
3716 set with <code>setOption</code> will also be applied to the reset global state.
3717 </dd>
3718
3719 <dt id="vimapi_maybeInitVimState_"><strong><code>maybeInitVimState_(cm: CodeMirror)</code></strong></dt>
3720 <dd>
3721 Initialize <code>cm.state.vim</code> if it does not exist. Returns <code>cm.state.vim</code>.
3722 </dd>
3723
3724 <dt id="vimapi_handleKey"><strong><code>handleKey(cm: CodeMirror, key: string, origin: string)</code></strong></dt>
3725 <dd>
3726 Convenience function to pass the arguments to <code>findKey</code> and
3727 call returned function if it is defined.
3728 </dd>
3729
3730 <dt id="vimapi_findKey"><strong><code>findKey(cm: CodeMirror, key: string, origin: string)</code></strong></dt>
3731 <dd>
3732 This is the outermost function called by CodeMirror, after keys have
3733 been mapped to their Vim equivalents. Finds a command based on the key
3734 (and cached keys if there is a multi-key sequence). Returns <code>undefined</code>
3735 if no key is matched, a noop function if a partial match is found (multi-key),
3736 and a function to execute the bound command if a key is matched. The
3737 function always returns true.
3738 </dd>
3739
3740 <dt id="vimapi_option_suppressErrorLogging"><code><strong>suppressErrorLogging</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
3741 <dd>Whether to use suppress the use of <code>console.log</code> when catching an
3742 error in the function returned by <code>findKey</code>.
3743 Defaults to false.</dd>
3744
3745 <dt id="vimapi_exitVisualMode"><strong><code>exitVisualMode(cm: CodeMirror, ?moveHead: boolean)</code></strong></dt>
3746 <dd> Exit visual mode. If moveHead is set to false, the CodeMirror selection
3747 will not be touched. The caller assumes the responsibility of putting
3748 the cursor in the right place.
3749 </dd>
3750
3751 <dt id="vimapi_exitInsertMode"><strong><code>exitInsertMode(cm: CodeMirror)</code></strong></dt>
3752 <dd>
3753 Exit insert mode.
3754 </dd>
3755 </dl>
3756
3757 </section>
3758
3759 </article>
3760
3761 <script>setTimeout(function(){CodeMirror.colorize();}, 20);</script>